Kökünde 50'den fazla flavonoid izole edilebilen Scutellaria türleri üzerinde son yıllarda çok sayıda araştırma yapılmaktadır. Fizyolojik aktivitesinden sorumlu en önemli aktif bileşeni ise baikalein olarak bildirilmiştir. Baikaleinin pek çok olumlu etkisinin yanında üzerine en çok çalışılan özelliği antikanserojen özellikleridir. En önemli aktivitesinin ise apoptozis üzerindeki olumlu etkileri olduğu düşünülmektedir. Apoptoz sürecinin planlı ilerlemesi, kanser gelişimi ve ilerlemesinde önemli bir süreçtir. Bu nedenle apoptoz birçok tedavi stratejisinin hedefidir. Baikaleinin ilk mekanizması hücrede proapoptotik, antiapoptotik Bcl-2 ailesi proteinlerinin oranını regüle ederek hücrenin apoptoza eğilimini düzenlemesidir. Radikal oksijen türleri aracılığıyla apoptozisi düzenlemesi ise diğer bir antikanser etki mekanizması olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Tanımlanmış olan diğer mekanizması ise apoptoz, büyüme inhibisyonu ve hücre döngüsünün durdurulmasında yer alan genlerin ekspresyonunu düzenleyen tümör baskılayıcı bir protein olan p53'ü yukarı regüle etmesidir. Kanser gelişimi ile birlikte diyabetin gelişiminde de önemli bir rolü olduğu belirlenen araşidonik asit izoformlarından birisi olan 12-lipoksijenaz üretimini inhibe etmesi ise üzerine çalışılan diğer bir önemli mekanizmasıdır. Bu derleme, baikaleinin kanser tedavisinde kullanılabileceği düşünülen ve üzerine en çok çalışılan etki mekanizmalarını açıklamak amacıyla yazılmıştır. İn vitro ve hayvan deneylerinde gösterilen kanser tedavisi ile ilgili umut vadeden çalışmalar göz önünde bulundurularak, baikalein kullanımının etkilerinin belirleneceği klinik çalışmalara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Apoptozis; baikalein; flavonoid
In recent years, a lot of research has been studied on Scutellaria species, which can be isolated more than 50 flavonoids at the root. The most important active ingredient responsible for the physiological activity of Scutellaria species has been reported as baicalein. The most studied feature of baicalein is its anti-carcinogenic properties. Its most important activity has been reported as inducing apoptosis. The planned progression of the apoptosis process is an important process in cancer development and progression. Therefore, apoptosis is the target of many treatment strategies. The first mechanism of baicalein is to regulate the cell's tendency to apoptosis by regulating the rate of proapoptotic, antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins in the cell. Regulation of apoptosis through radical oxygen species is considered as another anti-cancer mechanism of action. Another defined mechanism is; Apoptosis upregulates p53, a tumor suppressing protein that regulates the expression of genes involved in growth inhibition and cell cycle arrest. In addition to cancer development, it is another important mechanism studied to inhibit the production of 12-lipoxygenase, which is one of the arachidonic acid isoforms that has an important role in the development of diabetes. The purpose of this review is to explain the most studied mechanisms of action of baicalein that can be used in cancer treatment. Considering the promising studies on cancer treatment in in vitro and animal experiments, clinical studies on the use of baicalein are needed.
Keywords: Apoptosis; baicalein; flavonoid
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