Avulsiyon, bir dişin alveol soketten tamamen ayrılmasıyla sonuçlanan ve acil tedavi gerektiren, en ciddi diş yaralanmasıdır. Avulse dişlerde, ideal tedavi immediat replantasyon olmakla birlikte bu her olguda mümkün olmayabilir. Diş replantasyonu sonrası daha olumlu bir prognoz elde etmek için, avulse dişin ağız dışında geçirdiği sürenin kısa olması ve replante edilene kadar uygun bir taşıma ortamının kullanılması gerekmektedir. Avulse dişlerde taşıma ortamı, periodontal ligament (PDL) hücrelerinin canlılığını ve mitojenik yeteneklerini koruyabilecek biyolojik özelliklerin yanı sıra uygun pH ve ozmolaliteye sahip olmalıdır. Fizyolojik yapıda olmayan taşıma ortamları, PDL hücrelerinde canlılığı olumsuz yönde etkileyerek diş kökünde replasman rezorpsiyonuna ve ankiloza yol açabilir. Literatürde taşıma ortamı olarak tükürük, süt ve Hank'in dengeli tuz çözeltisi (HDTÇ) gibi birçok sıvı ve vasatın etkinliği araştırılmıştır. Musluk suyu, ani hücre lizisine yol açarak kuru ortama benzer sonuçlar veren en kötü taşıma ortamları arasındadır. Her ne kadar HDTÇ, ViaSpan ve Eagle'nın minimum esansiyel vasatı (EM) avulsiyondan sonra bir süreliğine PDL hücrelerini canlı tutma potansiyeline sahip olsa da bu taşıma ortamlarının kullanılabilirliği, maliyetleri ve halkın kaza anında erişebilme yetersizliği bu ortamları daha az ideal kılmaktadır. Süt, çoğu durumda en uygun, en ucuz ve en erişilebilir taşıma ortamıdır ve ayrıca PDL hücrelerini canlı tutabilme özelliğine sahiptir. Bu literatür derlemesinde, avulse dişlerin taşınmasında kullanılan doğal ve yapay taşıma ortamları ve bu alandaki güncel gelişmeler değerlendirilecektir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Dental travma; avulsiyon; taşıma ortamı
Dental avulsion is the most severe type of dental injury that requires emergency treatment and results in the complete displacement of a tooth from the alveolar socket. Although the ideal treatment for an avulsed tooth is immediate replantation, this may not be possible in every case. To achieve a more favorable prognosis following tooth replantation, short extra-alveolar time and use of an appropriate transport media until replantation of avulsed teeth are essential The transport media for avulsed teeth should possess favorable pH, osmolality and biological properties that help preserve the vitality and mitogenic properties of the periodontal ligament (PDL) cells. The non-physiological storage media could result in replacement resorption of root and ankylosis by affecting periodontal ligament cells negatively. Numerous studies have studied the efficacy of a variety of transport media comprising saliva, milk and Hank's Balanced Salt. Tap water which has similar results to the dry environment is one of the worst transport media leading to sudden cell lysis. Although HBSS, ViaSpan and Eagle's medium have great potential to maintain the PDL cells alive for a while after an avulsion, the practicalities of using these solutions, the costs and the lack of ready availability to the public make them less than ideal. Milk is the most convenient, cheapest and readily available solution in most situations and also being capable of keeping PDL cells alive. This article will review natural and artificial storage mediums for the transport of avulsed teeth and the recent updates in this field.
Keywords: Dental trauma; avulsion; storage media
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