Tüm kültürlerde, modern tıbbın ulaşamadığı ve yetersiz kaldığı durumlarda, toksik olmayan, kolay erişilebilir, güvenilir olduğu düşünülen ve kültürel olarak ''alternatif/tamamlayıcı/doğal tedavi'' olarak tanımlanan geleneksel ve tamamlayıcı tıp yöntemlerine başvurulmaktadır. Bu yöntemlerden biri de arı ürünleriyle yapılan doğal bir tedavi yöntemi olan apiterapidir. Bal, propolis, arı poleni, balmumu, arı sütü, bal arısı zehri eski çağlardan beri tıpta kullanılan doğal ürünlerdir. Günümüzde ise apilarnil (erkek arı larvası) ve arı ekmeği de sağlığı koruma ve tedavi amacıyla kullanılmaktadır. Geçmişten günümüze yapılan araştırmalar, doğal arı ürünlerinin hastalıkları önleyici olarak ya da birçok hastalığın tedavisi için kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir. Arı ürünlerinin doğal ürün olması ve söz konusu ürünlerin her türlü hastalığa iyi geliyor algısı toplumun bütün kesimleri tarafından sorgulanmadan kullanılmasına sebebiyet vermektedir. Ancak doz ayarlanması ve standardizasyonu yapılmamış olan ürünlerin doğal ürün dahi olsa çeşitli yan etkileri olabileceği göz ardı edilmemelidir. Sağlığı koruma veya tedavi amacıyla kullanılacak arı ürünlerinin üretiminden son tüketiciye ulaştığı ana kadar olan her bir aşamanın izlenilebilir olması gerekmektedir. Ayrıca tüm doğal ürünlerde olduğu gibi arı ürünleri de işin ehli tıp doktorlarının önerdiği şekliyle ve doktor kontrolünde kullanılmalıdır. Bu derlemede haricen ve dâhilen arı ürünleri kullanımı veya apiterapi uygulamaları sonrası ortaya çıkan yan etkileri içeren olgu sunumları derlenerek başta arı ürünleri olmak üzere doğal ürünlerin doktor kontrolü olmadan kullanılmaması gerektiğine vurgu yapılmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Arı ürünleri; apiterapi; geleneksel ve tamamlayıcı tıp uygulamaları; istenmeyen etki
In all cultures, traditional and complementary medicine methods, which are considered to be non-toxic, easily accessible, reliable and culturally defined as ''alternative/complementary/natural treatment'', are used when modern medicine cannot reach the patients and is insufficient. One of these methods is apitherapy which is a natural treatment method made with bee products. Honey, propolis, bee pollen, beeswax, royal jelly, bee venom are natural products used in medicine since ancient times. Nowadays, apilarnil (drone larva) and bee bread are also used for health protection and treatment. Researchs from the past to the present shows that natural bee products can be used as a preventative for diseases or for the treatment of many diseases. The fact that bee products are natural products and the perception that these products are good for all kinds of diseases causes them to be used by all segments of the society without any question. However, it should not be overlooked that products without dose adjustment and standardization may have various side effects, even if they are natural products. Every stage from the production of bee products to be used for health protection or treatment to the moment they reach the end consumer must be traceable. In addition, as with all natural products, bee products should be used as recommended by competent medical doctors and under the control of a doctor. In this review, case reports containing the side effects of external and internal use of bee products or apitherapy applications were compiled and it was emphasized that natural products, especially bee products, should not be used without a doctor's control.
Keywords: Bee products; apitherapy; the practice of traditional and complementary medicine; adverse effect
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