Amaç: Annelerin ağız ve diş sağlığına yönelik bilgi ve uygulamalarının beş yaş altındaki çocukların diş sağlığına etkisini incelemektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Karşılaştırmalı kesitsel tipte yürütülen araştırma, Mayıs-Haziran 2018 tarihleri arasında Ankara'da bir özel hastanenin ağız ve diş sağlığı polikliniği ve sağlık bakanlığına bağlı bir ağız ve diş sağlığı hastanesinin çocuk diş kliniğinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veriler, araştırmacılar tarafından oluşturulan veri toplama formu ile elde edilmiştir. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde sayı, yüzde, Mann-Whitney U testi, ki-kare testi ve regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Çocuklardaki diş cürüğü sayısı ortalama 2,60±2,91 olup; özel hastanede 1,34±2,04, ağız ve diş sağlığı merkezinde ise 3,86±3,12 bulunmuştur. Çocuklarda çürük prevalansı %64'tür. Annenin eğitim durumu, gelir düzeyi, diş hekimine gitme sıklığı, annenin ve çocuğun diş fırçalama alışkanlığı, çocuğun yaşı, çocuğun şekerli gıda tüketme durumu ve sıklığı, emzik ve biberon kullanma durumu, çocuğun dişlerini fırçalamaya başlama yaşı, yemek ve ara öğün sonrası diş fırçalama zamanı ile çocuklarda diş çürüğü görülme durumu arasında anlamlı bir ilişki saptanmıştır (p<0,05). Sonuç: Çocuklarda diş çürüğü prevalansı yüksek olup, annelerin ağız-diş sağlığına yönelik bilgi durumları ve uygulamalarının çocukların diş sağlığını etkilediği görülmektedir. Çocuklukta ağız hijyenine yönelik sağlıklı davranışlarının geliştirilmesinde anne-babanın rol modeli olması ve onlara yönelik ağzı ve diş sağlığı eğitim programlarının oluşturulması, yaygınlaştırılması ve devamlılığı gereklidir. Hemşirelerin ise bu süreçte aktif rol alması ve ekip iş birliği öncelikli hedefler arasında yer almalıdır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Ağız sağlığı; anne, diş çürükleri; erken çocukluk dönemi; hemşirelik
Objective: The aim of the study is to examine the effects of mothers' knowledge of and behaviours towards oral health on the dental health of children under five. Material and Methods: This comparative and cross-sectional study was conducted between May-June 2018 in Ankara, Turkey in the oral and dental health polyclinic of a private hospital and the pediatric dental clinic of a hospital affiliated to the ministry of health and specialized in oral and dental health. The data was collected through the data collection form designed by the researchers. Number and percentage analysis, Mann-Whitney U test, Chisquare test, and regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Results: The mean number of dental caries in children was 2.60±2.91 and 1.34±2.04 in the private hospital. In the oral and dental health clinic, on the other hand, it was found to be 3.86±3.12. The prevalence of dental caries in children was 64%. A significant relationship (p<0.05) was found between tooth decay in children and mother's educational status and income level, the frequency of going to a dentist, the tooth brushing habits of the mother and the child, the child's age, the frequency of sugary food consumption of the child, the status of using pacifiers and feeding bottles, child's age of starting to brush the teeth, and the habit of brushing teeth after meals and snacks. Conclusion: The prevalence of dental caries in children is high, and it has been observed that mothers? knowledge of and practice towards oral-dental health affect the dental health of children. It is necessary for parents to be a role-model to their children in developing healthy behaviors for oral hygiene and to create, disseminate and maintain oral and dental health education programs for both parents and children. As primary aims, nurses should take an active role in this process and a multidisciplinary team approach should be adopted.
Keywords: Oral health; mother; dental caries; early childhood; nursing
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