Amaç: Vasküler ve nöral yapıların zarar görmemesi için ağız cerrahisi operasyonlarından önce detaylı radyolojik değerlendirme yapmak esastır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, kadın ve erkek hastaların mental foramen ile sublingual kanal yapılarına ait mesafelerini radyolojik ölçümlerle inceleyerek, alt çene ön bölgenin güvenli kemik sahalarını cerrahi perspektifte değerlendirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Alt çene ön bölgesine implant cerrahisi planlanmış 106 hastaya ait konik ışınlı bilgisayarlı tomografi (KIBT) görüntüleri bir radyolog ve çene cerrahı tarafından incelendi. Radyografi görüntülerinde mental foramenler ile sublingual arterlerin mesafeleri, sublingual arterin alveol kemik içerisindeki derinliği ve sublingual arterin çene ucuna olan dikey mesafeleri ölçüldü. Ölçüm değerleri bağımsız t-testi ile %95 güven aralığında istatistiksel olarak değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Aynı tarafa ait mental foramen ile lateral sublingual arter mesafesi ortalama olarak kadınlarda 20,479 mm (±1,452 mm), erkeklerde 21,030 mm (±1,5920 mm) olarak bulunsa da cinsiyet kıyaslamasında anlamlı farklılık göstermedi (p=0,066). İnferior sublingual kanalın alt çene bazisine olan mesafesi ile superior sublingual kanalın iz düşümsel mesafesi erkeklerde kadınlara kıyasla anlamlı olarak daha fazla (p<0,05) idi. Sonuç: Çalışmamızın sonuçlarına göre sublingual arter dalları referans alındığında, mental foramenin önünde poligonal olarak en fazla 17,5 mm'ye kadar ve alt çene bazisinin üzerinde vertikal olarak en fazla 5,1 mm'ye kadar güvenli kemik sahalarının olduğu görülmüştür. Güvenli kemik sahalarının her birey için farklılık göstereceği ve bahsi geçen yapıların mutlaka KIBT görüntüleriyle değerlendirilmesi gerektiği unutulmamalıdır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Anatomi; konik ışınlı bilgisayarlı tomografi; oral cerrahi; radyografi
Objective: Radiological evaluation before oral surgery operations is essential in order not to damage the vascular and neural structures. The aim of this study was to evaluate mental foramen and sublingual artery with radiographs for determining the safe surgical zone of the anterior mandible among female and male patients. Material and Methods: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of 106 patients, who had planned implant surgery for the anterior mandible, were analyzed by a radiologist and a maxillofacial surgeon. The distance between the mental foramen and sublingual arteries, the depth of sublingual artery in alveolar bone, and vertical distance between sublingual artery and basis mandible were measured on the radiographs. Measurement values were statistically evaluated with the independent t-test at a 95% confidence interval. Results: Although the mean distance between the mental foramen and the lateral sublingual artery was 20.479 mm (±1.452 mm) in female patients and 21.030 mm (±1.5920 mm) in male patients, there was no significant difference in gender comparison (p=0.066). The distance of the inferior sublingual canal to the basis mandible and the projective distance of the superior sublingual canal was significantly higher in males than in females (p<0.05). Conclusion: According to the study, when the sublingual artery branches were taken as the ending reference point, there were safe bone areas up to at most 17.5 mm polygonally in front of the mental foramen and up to at most 5.1 mm vertically above the basis mandibula. The safe surgical zones may differ for each individual therefore the neurovascular structures must be evaluated via CBCT images.
Keywords: Anatomy; cone-beam computed tomography; oral surgery; radiography
- Rosano G, Taschieri S, Testori T, Del Fabbro M, Gaudy JF. Anatomie vasculaire de la symphyse de la mandibule et complications potentielles en chirurgie orale [Vascular anatomy of the mandibular symphysis and possible complications in oral surgery]. Schweiz Monatsschr Zahnmed. 2008;118(12):1156-61. German. [PubMed]
- Pertl L, Gashi-Cenkoglu B, Reichmann J, Jakse N, Pertl C. Preoperative assessment of the mandibular canal in implant surgery: comparison of rotational panoramic radiography (OPG), computed tomography (CT) and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) for preoperative assessment in implant surgery. Eur J Oral Implantol. 2013;6(1):73-80. [PubMed]
- Worthington P, Rubenstein J, Hatcher DC. The role of cone-beam computed tomography in the planning and placement of implants. J Am Dent Assoc. 2010;141 Suppl 3:19S-24S. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Lascala CA, Panella J, Marques MM. Analysis of the accuracy of linear measurements obtained by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT-NewTom). Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2004;33(5):291-4. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Lawand G, Ajili A, Ismail Y. The All-on-Four Concept. In: Stevens MR, Ghasemi S, Tabrizi R, eds. Innovative Perspectives in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 1st ed. Cham: Springer; 2021. p.195-229. [Crossref]
- Montazem A, Valauri DV, St-Hilaire H, Buchbinder D. The mandibular symphysis as a donor site in maxillofacial bone grafting: a quantitative anatomic study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2000;58(12):1368-71. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Ferretti C, Reyneke JP. Genioplasty. Atlas Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. 2016;24(1):79-85. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Maló P, Rangert B, Nobre M. "All-on-Four" immediate-function concept with Brånemark System implants for completely edentulous mandibles: a retrospective clinical study. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2003;5 Suppl 1:2-9. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Lu CI, Won J, Al-Ardah A, Santana R, Rice D, Lozada J. Assessment of the anterior loop of the mental nerve using cone beam computerized tomography scan. J Oral Implantol. 2015;41(6):632-9. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Gupta S, Soni JS. Study of anatomical variations and incidence of mental foramen and accessory mental foramen in dry human mandibles. Natl J Med Res. 2012;2(1):28-30. [Link]
- Kuzmanovic DV, Payne AG, Kieser JA, Dias GJ. Anterior loop of the mental nerve: a morphological and radiographic study. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2003;14(4):464-71. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- He P, Truong MK, Adeeb N, Tubbs RS, Iwanaga J. Clinical anatomy and surgical significance of the lingual foramina and their canals. Clin Anat. 2017;30(2):194-204. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Murlimanju BV, Prakash KG, Samiullah D, Prabhu LV, Pai MM, Vadgaonkar R, et al. Accessory neurovascular foramina on the lingual surface of mandible: incidence, topography, and clinical implications. Indian J Dent Res. 2012;23(3):433. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Masui T, Seki S, Sumida K, Yamashita K, Kitamura S. Gross anatomical classification of the courses of the human sublingual artery. Anat Sci Int. 2016;91(1):97-105. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Mason ME, Triplett RG, Alfonso WF. Life-threatening hemorrhage from placement of a dental implant. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1990;48(2):201-4. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Greenstein G, Greenstein B, Cavallaro J, Elian N, Tarnow D. Flap advancement: practical techniques to attain tension-free primary closure. J Periodontol. 2009;80(1):4-15. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Krishnan U, Monsour P, Thaha K, Lalloo R, Moule A. A limited field cone-beam computed tomography-based evaluation of the mental foramen, accessory mental foramina, anterior loop, lateral lingual foramen, and lateral lingual canal. J Endod. 2018;44(6):946-51. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Voon YS, Patil PG. Safe zone in anterior mandible related to the genial tubercle for implant osteotomy in a Chinese-Malaysian population: A CBCT study. J Prosthet Dent. 2018;119(4):568-73. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Direk F, Uysal II, Kivrak AS, Fazliogullari Z, Unver Dogan N, Karabulut AK. Mental foramen and lingual vascular canals of mandible on MDCT images: anatomical study and review of the literature. Anat Sci Int. 2018;93(2):244-53. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Loukas M, Kinsella CR Jr, Kapos T, Tubbs RS, Ramachandra S. Anatomical variation in arterial supply of the mandible with special regard to implant placement. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2008;37(4):367-71. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Filo K, Schneider T, Locher MC, Kruse AL, Lübbers HT. The inferior alveolar nerve's loop at the mental foramen and its implications for surgery. J Am Dent Assoc. 2014;145(3):260-9. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Wei X, Gu P, Hao Y, Wang J. Detection and characterization of anterior loop, accessory mental foramen, and lateral lingual foramen by using cone beam computed tomography. J Prosthet Dent. 2020;124(3):365-71. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Peter B. Piezosurgery-assisted sliding genioplasty: a method for reduction of complications. Review and case report. Eur J Plast Surg. 2010;33:183-7. [Crossref]
.: İşlem Listesi