.: DERLEME
A Narrative Review of the Evaluation of Biomarkers in COVID-19 Patients Indicating the Course of the Disease
COVID-19 Hastalarında Hastalığın Seyrini Gösteren Biyobelirteçlerin Değerlendirilmesine İlişkin Anlatısal Bir İnceleme
Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci. 2024;44(1):43-52
doi: 10.5336/medsci.2023-97930
Makale Dili: EN
Tam Metin
Ücretsiz Erişim
ABSTRACT
The global spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus has led to a widespread outbreak of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), resulting in a pandemic. Following the end of the pandemic, COVID-19 has transitioned into an endemic phase characterized by anticipated periodic surges. Therefore, the development of readily available prognostic biomarkers for COVID-19 patients continues to be a crucial field of study. Monitoring of blood biomarkers for patients with COVID-19 is a crucial component of patient care. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct hematological assessments such as leukocyte count, lymphocyte count, neutrophil count, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, and thrombocyte count. Additionally, inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and procalcitonin should be measured. Immunological indicators including interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α should also be evaluated. Furthermore, biochemical tests such as aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, urea, creatinine, and troponin levels should be assessed. Lastly, coagulation parameters such as D-dimer, fibrin degradation products, and fibrin levels should also be examined. The objective of this narrative review is to assess blood biomarkers that have the potential to be valuable in monitoring the progression and management of COVID-19. Studies published between 2020 and 2023 and scanned in PubMed, Ebsco and Google Scholar were used in the analysis. Keywords such as ''COVID19'', ''SARS-CoV2'', ''biomarkers'' and ''severe SARS-CoV-2 infection'' were used to restrict the search.
Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; biomarkers
The global spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus has led to a widespread outbreak of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), resulting in a pandemic. Following the end of the pandemic, COVID-19 has transitioned into an endemic phase characterized by anticipated periodic surges. Therefore, the development of readily available prognostic biomarkers for COVID-19 patients continues to be a crucial field of study. Monitoring of blood biomarkers for patients with COVID-19 is a crucial component of patient care. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct hematological assessments such as leukocyte count, lymphocyte count, neutrophil count, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, and thrombocyte count. Additionally, inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and procalcitonin should be measured. Immunological indicators including interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α should also be evaluated. Furthermore, biochemical tests such as aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, urea, creatinine, and troponin levels should be assessed. Lastly, coagulation parameters such as D-dimer, fibrin degradation products, and fibrin levels should also be examined. The objective of this narrative review is to assess blood biomarkers that have the potential to be valuable in monitoring the progression and management of COVID-19. Studies published between 2020 and 2023 and scanned in PubMed, Ebsco and Google Scholar were used in the analysis. Keywords such as ''COVID19'', ''SARS-CoV2'', ''biomarkers'' and ''severe SARS-CoV-2 infection'' were used to restrict the search.
Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; biomarkers
ÖZET
Şiddetli akut solunum sendromu-koronavirüs-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)] virüsünün küresel yayılımı, yaygın bir koronavirüs hastalığı-2019 [coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)] salgınına yol açarak bir pandemiye yol açmıştır. Pandeminin sona ermesinin ardından, COVID-19, beklenen periyodik artışlarla karakterize edilen endemik bir aşamaya geçmiştir. Bu nedenle, COVID-19 hastaları için kolaylıkla bulunabilen prognostik biyobelirteçlerin geliştirilmesi önemli bir çalışma alanı olmaya devam etmektedir. COVID-19 hastalarına yönelik kan biyobelirteçlerinin izlenmesi hasta bakımının çok önemli bir parçasıdır. Bu nedenle lökosit sayısı, lenfosit sayısı, nötrofil sayısı, nötrofil-lenfosit oranı, trombosit sayısı gibi hematolojik değerlendirmeler; C-reaktif protein, eritrosit sedimantasyon hızı ve prokalsitonin gibi inflamatuar belirteçler; interlökin-6 ve tümör nekroz faktörü-α gibi immünolojik göstergeler değerlendirilmelidir. Ayrıca aspartat aminotransferaz, alanin aminotransferaz, üre, kreatinin ve troponin düzeyleri gibi biyokimyasal testler; D-dimer, fibrin bozunma ürünleri, fibrin düzeyleri gibi pıhtılaşma parametreleri incelenmelidir. Bu geleneksel derlemenin amacı, COVID-19 hastalığının ve tedavisinin monitörizasyonu için faydalanabilecek kan biyobelirteçlerini değerlendirmektir. Analizde 2020 ile 2023 yılları arasında yayımlanan ve PubMed, Ebsco ve Google Scholar'da taranan çalışmalar kullanılmıştır. Aramayı kısıtlayabilmek için ''COVID-19'', ''SARS-CoV2'', ''biyobelirteçler'' ve ''şiddetli SARS-CoV2 enfeksiyonu'' gibi anahtar kelimeler kullanılmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; biyobelirteçler
Şiddetli akut solunum sendromu-koronavirüs-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)] virüsünün küresel yayılımı, yaygın bir koronavirüs hastalığı-2019 [coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)] salgınına yol açarak bir pandemiye yol açmıştır. Pandeminin sona ermesinin ardından, COVID-19, beklenen periyodik artışlarla karakterize edilen endemik bir aşamaya geçmiştir. Bu nedenle, COVID-19 hastaları için kolaylıkla bulunabilen prognostik biyobelirteçlerin geliştirilmesi önemli bir çalışma alanı olmaya devam etmektedir. COVID-19 hastalarına yönelik kan biyobelirteçlerinin izlenmesi hasta bakımının çok önemli bir parçasıdır. Bu nedenle lökosit sayısı, lenfosit sayısı, nötrofil sayısı, nötrofil-lenfosit oranı, trombosit sayısı gibi hematolojik değerlendirmeler; C-reaktif protein, eritrosit sedimantasyon hızı ve prokalsitonin gibi inflamatuar belirteçler; interlökin-6 ve tümör nekroz faktörü-α gibi immünolojik göstergeler değerlendirilmelidir. Ayrıca aspartat aminotransferaz, alanin aminotransferaz, üre, kreatinin ve troponin düzeyleri gibi biyokimyasal testler; D-dimer, fibrin bozunma ürünleri, fibrin düzeyleri gibi pıhtılaşma parametreleri incelenmelidir. Bu geleneksel derlemenin amacı, COVID-19 hastalığının ve tedavisinin monitörizasyonu için faydalanabilecek kan biyobelirteçlerini değerlendirmektir. Analizde 2020 ile 2023 yılları arasında yayımlanan ve PubMed, Ebsco ve Google Scholar'da taranan çalışmalar kullanılmıştır. Aramayı kısıtlayabilmek için ''COVID-19'', ''SARS-CoV2'', ''biyobelirteçler'' ve ''şiddetli SARS-CoV2 enfeksiyonu'' gibi anahtar kelimeler kullanılmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; biyobelirteçler
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