Journal of Traditional Medical Complementary Therapies

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Yoğun Bakım Ortamında Müzik Uygulaması ve Etkileri: Sistematik Bir İnceleme
Effects of Music Intervention in Critical Care Setting: A Systematic Review
Öznur ERBAY DALLIa, Yasemin YILDIRIMb
aBursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Anesteziyoloji ve Reanimasyon ABD, Yoğun Bakım BD, Bursa, TÜRKİYE
bEge Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi, İç Hastalıkları Hemşireliği ABD, İzmir, TÜRKİYE
J Tradit Complem Med. 2021;4(2):173-86
doi: 10.5336/jtracom.2020-79651
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, yoğun bakımda uygulanan müzik müdahalesinin hastalar üzerindeki etkisi ve uygulama yöntemlerine dair çalışmaların incelenmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışma, sistematik derleme ve metaanaliz çalışma rehberi PRISMA-P'ye göre hazırlanmıştır. Ulusal ve uluslararası elektronik veri tabanları kullanılarak (Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Science Direct, Ovid, CINAHL ve ULAKBİM Türk Tıp Dizini) son 10 yılda yapılan çalışmalar dil sınırlaması olmaksızın taranmıştır. Tarama yaparken Türkçe veri tabanları için 'müzik', 'müzik terapisi', 'yoğun bakım', 'kritik bakım', 'yoğun bakım ünitesi' ve uluslararası veri tabanları için 'music', 'music therapy', 'music listening', 'music medicine', 'intensive care', 'critical care', 'intensive care unit', 'adult intensive care unit' anahtar kelimeleri kullanılmıştır. Dâhil edilme ve dışlanma kriterleri, PICOS ölçütleri göz önünde bulundurularak oluşturulmuştur. Çalışmalar, metodolojik kalite açısından PEDro ölçeği ile değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Dâhil edilme kriterlerine uygun 18 çalışma incelemeye alınmıştır. Çalışmalarda, en çok randomize kontrollü çalışma desenine rastlanmıştır. Müziğin yoğun bakım hastalarında (mekanik ventilatöre bağlı veya değil); ağrı, anksiyete, deliryum, sedasyon ihtiyacı, uyku kalitesi, yaşamsal parametreler ve bazı ağrılı girişimler üzerine olumlu etkisi olduğu belirlenmiştir. İncelemeye alınan çalışmalar örneklem büyüklüğü, müzik süresi, tipi, değerlendirme araçları açısından farklılıklar göstermiştir. Çalışmalardaki, müzik uygulama süresinin ortalama 40,6 dk olduğu ve çoğunun 60-80 vuruşluk tempoda gerçekleştirildiği, daha çok rahatlatıcı ve klasik müzik tipinden yararlanıldığı gösterilmiştir. Sonuç: Bu sistematik inceleme ile müziğin yoğun bakım ortamında uygulaması kolay, invaziv olmayan ve maliyeti düşük bir yöntem olarak hastaların yaşadığı birçok olumsuz deneyimi kontrol altına alabileceği gösterilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Müzik; yoğun bakım; hemşirelik
ABSTRACT
 Objective: The aim of this study is to examine the effects of music intervention in intensive care unit on patients and its application methods. Material and Methods: The protocol of this systematic review was prepared according to the PRISMA-P (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols) guidelines. Studies conducted in the last 10 years have been searched without language limitations by using national and international electronic databases (Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Science Direct, Ovid, CINAHL and ULAKBİM Turkish Medical Database). The databases searched using the keywords 'music', 'music therapy', 'music listening', 'music medicine', 'intensive care', 'critical care', 'intensive care unit', 'adult intensive care unit' (for Turkish database; 'müzik', 'müzik terapisi', 'yoğun bakım', 'kritik bakım', 'yoğun bakım ünitesi'). The PICOS criteria were used for inclusion and exclusion criteria. Studies were evaluated with the PEDro scale in terms of methodological quality. Results: Eighteen studies that met the inclusion criteria were reviewed. Studies mostly have a randomized controlled study design. It has been determined that music has a positive effect on pain, anxiety, delirium, sedation needs, sleep quality, vital parameters and some painful interventions in intensive care patients (whether connected to a mechanical ventilator or not). The studies examined differed in terms of sample size, duration and type of music and assessment tools. It has been shown that the music practice time in the studies is 40.6 minutes on average, most of them are performed at a tempo of 60-80 beats and relaxing and classical music types are used. Conclusion: This systematic review shown that music can be used as an easy to apply, non-invasive and low cost method in the intensive care setting, and can control many negative experiences of patients.

Keywords: Music; intensive care; nursing
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