Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Health Sciences

.: REVIEW
Yenidoğanda Atravmatik Bakım
Atraumatic Care in Newborn
Yasemin ERKAL AKSOYa, Rabia EKTİ GENÇb
aEbelik Bölümü, Selçuk Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Konya, TÜRKİYE
bEbelik Bölümü, Ege Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, İzmir, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Health Sci. 2019;4(3):375-80
doi: 10.5336/healthsci.2018-62526
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Atravmatik bakım aileyi merkeze alan bir uygulamadır. Sağlık personelinin, yenidoğana uygulanacak işlemlerde stresörlerin meydana gelmesini engellemek için, bağımsız fonksiyonlarının uygulandığı profesyonel bakımın bir parçasıdır. Atravmatik bakımda esas hedef zarar vermemektir. Bunun için yenidoğan ve ailesine yönelik travma yaratan durumlar belirlenmeli, anne bebek bağlanması güçlendirilmeli, ağrı kontrolü yapılmalıdır. Atravmatik bakımın amacı; sağlık personelinin, yenidoğanın ve ailesinin sözel olmayan ancak süreci etkileyen tepkilerinin farkında olması ve buna yönelik bakımı planlamasıdır. Gerek standart uygulamalarda gerekse yenidoğan yoğun bakım ünitesinde yapılan uygulamalarda, yenidoğan bebeklerin ağrı hissedip hissetmediği konusunda geri bildirim alınamayacağı için davranışsal tepkileri değerlendirilmelidir. Atravmatik bakım uygulamaları ile ilgili yapılan araştırmaların çoğu ağrıyı azaltmak için farklı yöntemler geliştirmeye yöneliktir. Atravmatik bakım ile ilgili araştırmalar sınırlı sayıda olup, genellikle yara bakımı, enjeksiyon uygulamaları gibi ağrılı işlemlerde, ilaç kullanılarak yapılan ve bu ilaçların etkinliğine bakılan araştırmalardır. Yenidoğanın hayata başladığı ilk andan itibaren atravmatik bakım uygulanmalıdır. Atravmatik bakım içerisinde yer alan uygulamalar maliyeti düşük ancak yenidoğan ve ailesi üzerinde etkinliği yüksek uygulamalardır. Atravmatik bakım uygulamaları ile yenidoğanın psikolojik ve fiziksel stresi azaltılabilir. Yenidoğanın bakımından sorumlu sağlık personelinin atravmatik bakım konusunda bilgi ve becerilerinin arttırılması gerekmektedir. Bu derleme ile yenidoğanda atravmatik bakım açıklanarak, yenidoğan atravmatik bakımı içerisinde farmakolojik olmayan ve farmakolojik yöntemlere yer verilecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Atravmatik bakım; sağlık personeli; yenidoğan
ABSTRACT
 Atraumatic care is an application that centers on the family. It is a part of the professional care where the independent functions are applied to prevent the health personnel from having trouble with the stressors in the process to be applied to the newborn. The main objective in atraumatic care prevents damage. For this, the conditions causing trauma to the newborn and his/her family should be determined, maternal-infant bonding should be strengthened and pain control should be performed. Purpose of atraumatic care; healthcare personnel are aware of the non-verbal but process-influencing reactions of the newborn and his family and are plan for care. With this review, it is aimed to explain the atraumatic care in the newborn and to investigate the studies done. Behavioral responses should be evaluated in both standard practice and neonatal intensive care unit applications because there is no feedback about whether newborn babies feel pain. Much of the study on atraumatic care practices is directed at developing different techniques to reduce pain. Studies related to atraumatic care are limited in number and they are usually used in pain management such as wound care, injection applications, medicines and their efficacy. In this review, non-pharmacological and pharmacological methods will be included atraumatic care in newborn. Atraumatic care should be applied the first moment of newborn's life. The practices involved in atraumatic care are low cost, but high effective for newborn and family members. Atraumatic care practices can reduce the psychological and physical stress of the newborn. Knowledge and skills about atraumatic care need to be increased of the health personnel responsible for the care of the newborn. With this review, atraumatic care of the newborn will be explained and non-pharmacological and pharmacological methods will be included in newborn atraumatic care.

Keywords: Atraumatic care; health personnel; newborn
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