Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Veterinary Sciences

.: REVIEW
Yeni ve Yeniden Önem Kazanan Gıda Kaynaklı Bazı Viral ve Paraziter Zoonozların Epidemiyolojisi
Epidemiology of New Emerging and Re-Emerging Some Viral and Parasitic Food-Borne Zoonoses
Azam AZIMI MAHALLEHa, Tarık Halûk ÇELİKa
aGıda Hijyeni ve Teknolojisi ABD, Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi, Ankara, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Vet Sci. 2019;10(1):21-30
doi: 10.5336/vetsci.2018-62730
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 İnsanlarda patojenik birçok parazit ve mikroorganizma türü bulunmaktadır. İnsanları etkileyen tüm enfeksiyöz hastalıkların 175'i yeni ve yeniden önem kazanan hastalıklar olarak ve bunların da 132'si zoonotik kökenli olarak tanımlanmıştır. Antibiyotiklerin ve aşıların geliştirilmesine ek olarak, doğru hijyen ve sanitasyon uygulamaları ile bulaşıcı hastalıkların bir kısmı kontrol altına alınmıştır. Yoğun kontrol çalışmalarına rağmen bazı yeni veya yeniden önem kazanan bulaşıcı hastalıklar insanlarda ve hayvanlarda dünya çapında ciddi sağlık sorunlarına neden olmaktadır. İnsanların demografisi ve davranışlarındaki değişiklikler, iklimsel faktörler, mikrobiyal ve ekolojik değişiklikler, halk sağlığı önlemlerinin yetersizliği, uluslararası ticaret ve seyahatlerin artması, aşırı nüfus artışı ve buna bağlı olarak yeni yerleşim yerlerinin oluşturulması, artan nüfusun gıda ihtiyacı için yeni tarımsal alanların açılması ve olumsuz arazi kullanımı, savaşlar ve kıtlık, plansız sanayileşme, bilinçsiz ve aşırı kullanılan tarım ilaçları, bulaşıcı hastalıklara karşı duyarlılık, biyoterörizm, izolasyon ve identifikasyon metotlarında iyileşme gibi faktörler çeşitli coğrafyalarda yeni ve yeniden önem kazanan bulaşıcı hastalık raporlarının artmasına neden olmuştur. Bu kapsamda bu çalışmada, hantavirüs, rotavirüs, norovirüs gibi yeni ve yeniden önem kazanan viral hastalıklar ile Cyclospora ve Cryptosporidium gibi yeni ve yeniden önem kazanan paraziter hastalıkların yeni bilgiler ışığında ele alınması amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Yeni ve yeniden önem kazanan hastalıklar; zoonoz; virüs; parazit; gıda
ABSTRACT
 There are many pathogenic species of parasites and microorganisms in humans. 175 of all infectious diseases affecting humans are emerging and re-emerging diseases, of which 132 are described as zoonotic origin. In addition to the development of antibiotics and vaccination, some of the infectious diseases have been controlled by the proper use of hygiene and sanitation practices. Despite intensive control studies, new emerging or re-emerging infectious diseases cause serious health problems in humans and animals in worldwide. Demographic and behavior changes among the people, climatic factors, microbial and ecological changes, insufficiency of public health measures, increase in international trade and travel, excessive population growth and consequently the creation of new settlements or the opening of new agricultural areas for the provision of adequate food for an increasing population and negative land use, wars and famine, unplanned industrialization, unconscious and over-used pesticides, susceptibility to infectious diseases, bioterrorism, improvement in isolation and identification methods have led to increased reports of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases in various geographies. In this context emerging and re-emerging viral diseases such as hantavirus, rotavirus, norovirus and emerging and re-emerging parasitic diseases such as Cyclospora and Cryptosporidium have been discussed in the light of new information.

Keywords: New emerging and re-emerging diseases; zoonoses; virus; parasite; food
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30.03.2014

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