Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Health Sciences

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Yeni Nesil Koronavirüs Salgını, Korunma Önlemleri ve Tedavisinde Hemşirenin Rolleri
New Coronavirus Disease, It's Prevention, Protection Measures and Roles of Nurse's in Treatment
Nursevim AYDINGÜLÜa, Sevban ARSLANa
aÇukurova Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Hemşirelik Bölümü Cerrahi Hastalıklar Hemşireliği ABD, Adana, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Health Sci. 2021;6(1):120-7
doi: 10.5336/healthsci.2020-75348
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Koronavirüs (CoV)ler, tek zincirli, zoonoz RNA virüsleridir. Daha önce 2003 yılında ortaya çıkan CoV, solunum semptomlarına neden olduğundan şiddetli akut solunum sendromu koronavirüsü olarak adlandırılmıştır. Birçok ülkeye yayılarak 8.000'den fazla kişiye bulaşmış ve 774 ölüme neden olmuştur. Bundan 9 yıl sonra Orta Doğu'da ortaya çıkan ve develerden insanlara bulaştığı bilinen CoV, Orta Doğu solunum sendromu koronavirüsü olarak adlandırılmıştır. 2019 yılının Mart ayında Çin'de ortaya çıkan betacoronavirüs ise koronavirüs hastalığı-2019 [coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)] olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Dünya genelinde binlerce insanın ölümüne neden olan virüsün fatalite hızı %2 olarak seyretmektedir. COVID-19 enfeksiyonunun, özellikle yaşlı bireylerde ve kronik hastalığı olanlarda daha ağır seyrettiği bilinmektedir. İnsanlarda ağır solunum yolu enfeksiyonuna, solunum yetersizliğine, septik şok ve çoklu organ yetersizliklerine neden olabilmektedir. Bu virüsle enfekte olan bireylerin çoğu hastalığı hafif veya komplikasyonsuz geçirirken, yaklaşık %14'ü hastaneye yatış ve oksijen desteği, %5'i yoğun bakım ünitesinde kritik bakım ihtiyacı duymaktadır. Sağlık kurumlarındaki tedavi sürecinde hastalarla sağlık çalışanları arasında enfeksiyon geçişini azaltmak için rehberler yayımlanmıştır. Bu rehberlerde, sağlık personeline yönelik kişisel koruyucu ekipman kullanımı ve hastaların izolasyonunu sağlarken uymaları gereken kurallar yer almaktadır. Bunlarla birlikte, ortaya çıkan yeni nesil virüsün kesin tedavisi henüz bilinmediğinden sağlık kurumları için bu hastalığa karşı tedavi algoritmaları yayımlanmıştır. Dünya çapında tedavi geliştirme çalışmaları için çağrı yapılmış ve araştırmalar desteklenmiştir. Ayrıca enfeksiyonun toplumda yayılmasını azaltmak için halkın arasında uyulması gereken önlemler belirlenmiş ve ülke genelinde bazı yasal düzenlemeler yapılmıştır. Bu makalede, yeni nesil CoV hakkında genel bilgiler, hastalığın tedavisi ve bu süreçte hemşirenin rollerine yer verilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: COVID-19; hemşirenin rolleri; enfeksiyon kontrolü
ABSTRACT
 Coronaviruses (CoVs) are single-chain, zoonotic RNA viruses. The CoV, which previously appeared in 2003, was called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirüs because it causes respiratory symptoms. It spread to many countries, infected more than 8,000 people and caused 774 deaths. The CoV, which appeared nine years later in the Middle East and is known to be transmitted to people from camels, has been called Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirüs . The betacoronavirus that appeared in China in March 2019 is called coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Fatality rate of the virus, which causes the death of thousands of people worldwide, is 2%. It is known that COVID19 infection progresses more severely, especially in elderly individuals and people with chronic disease. It can cause severe respiratory infection, respiratory failure, septic shock and multiple organ failure in humans. While most of the individuals infected with this virus have had mild or uncomplicated disease, approximately 14% need hospitalization and oxygen support, and 5% need critical care in the intensive care unit. Guidelines have been published to reduce the transmission of infection between patients and healthcare workers during the treatment process in health institutions. These guides include the use of personal protective equipment for healthcare personnel and the rules that they must follow when ensuring the isolation of patients. İn addition to these, since the definitive therapy of the emerging new generation virus is not yet known, treatment algorithms have been published for health institutions. İnvitation were made for treatment development studies worldwide and researches were supported. In addition, preventions to be followed among the public have been determined to reduce the spread of the infection in the society and some legal arrangements have been made across the country. In this article, general information about the new generation CoV, treatment of the disease and the roles of the nurse in this process are given.

Keywords: COVID-19; nurse's roles; infection control
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