Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Gerontology

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Yaşlılarda Düşme Sıklığı ve Düşmeyi Etkileyen Faktörler: Tanımlayıcı Çalışma
Frequency of Falls in the Elderly and Factors Affecting Falls: A Descriptive Study
Serap SAYARa, Bilge KÖSEb, Rumeysa YILMAZb, Döndü HAYTAb, Beyza Nur GÖZLEMECİb, Esra KARAÖMERb
aKTO Karatay Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Yüksekokulu, Hemşirelik Bölümü, Cerrahi Hastalıkları Hemşireliği ABD, Konya, Türkiye
bKTO Karatay Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Yüksekokulu, Konya, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Gerontol. 2022;1(1):1-8
doi: 10.5336/jgeront.2022-90275
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Amaç: Bu araştırma, yaşlılarda düşme sıklığını ve düşmeyi etkileyen faktörleri incelemek amacıyla tanımlayıcı tipte yürütülmüştür. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Araştırmanın örneklemini, 65 yaş ve üzeri 190 birey oluşturmaktadır. Verilerin toplanmasında 'Sosyodemografik Özellikler ve Düşmeyle İlişkili Anket Formu' kullanılmıştır. Veriler; frekans, yüzde ve ki-kare testi ile değerlendirilerek, anlamlılık düzeyi p<0,05 olarak kabul edilmiştir. Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan yaşlı bireylerin yaş ortalaması 72,68±7,2 yıl olup; %66,8'i genç yaşlı, %57,9'u kadındır. Bireylerin %73,7'sinin kronik bir hastalığı bulunmakta olup, %45,0'inin yürürken ayakta dengesizlik hissettiği ve %54,0'ünün düşme korkusu yaşadığı belirlenmiştir. Bireylerin %37,4'ünün son 1 yıl içinde düşme öyküsü olduğu, düşme öyküsü olanların %47,9'unun düşme sayısının 1 kez, %29,6'sının 2 kez ve %21,1'inin 3 kez ve daha fazla olduğu bulunmuştur. Genç yaşlıların düşme sıklığının daha az olduğu ve yaş değişkeni açısından gruplar arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılığın olduğu saptanmıştır (p<0,05). Kadınların, erkeklere oranla daha fazla düştüğü görülmektedir (p<0,05). Evde yalnız yaşayanların, yürürken yardımcı araç kullananların, düşme korkusu olanların ve kas-iskelet hastalığı olanların düşme öykülerinin daha fazla olduğu saptanmıştır (p<0,05). Sonuç: Altmış beş yaş ve üstü bireylerde yaş arttıkça düşme sıklığı artmaktadır. Yaş, cinsiyet, düşme korkusu, yardımcı araç kullanımı, kas-iskelet hastalıkları, dengesizlik, kaygan zemin gibi çevresel faktörler düşmeyi etkileyen durumlardır. Yaşlılarda düşmelerin önlenmesi için düşmeyi etkileyen faktörlere ilişkin değerlendirmelerin yapılması ve gerekli önlemlerin alınması gerekmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Yaşlı; düşmeler
ABSTRACT
 Objective: This study was conducted as a descriptive study to examine the frequency of falls in the elderly and the factors affecting falls. Material and Methods: The sample of the study consisted of 190 individuals aged 65 and over. 'Socio-demographic Characteristics and Fall-Related Questionnaire' was used to collect the data. Data; frequency, percentage and chi-square test were evaluated and the level of significance was accepted as p<0.05. Results: The mean age of the elderly individuals participating in the study was 72.68±7.2 years, 66.8% of them were young and 57.9% were women. It was determined that 73.7% of the individuals had a chronic disease, 45.0% felt unbalanced while walking, and 54.0% had fear of falling. 37.4% of the individuals had a history of falling within the last year, 47.9% of the individuals with a fall history had a falling number once, 29.6% had a fall twice, and 21.1% had 3 or more falls found. It was determined that the frequency of falling was less in the young and the elderly and there was a statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of age variation (p<0.05). It was observed that women fell more than men (p<0.05). It was determined that those who live alone at home, use assistive devices while walking, have fear of falling and have musculoskeletal disease have a higher history of falling (p<0.05). Conclusion: As age increases, the frequency of falls increases in individuals aged 65 and over. Environmental factors such as age, gender, fear of falling, use of assistive devices, musculoskeletal disease, imbalance, and slippery ground are the conditions that affect falling. In order to prevent falls in the elderly, it is necessary to evaluate the factors affecting falls and to take necessary precautions.

Keywords: Elderly; falls
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