Kidney Transpalantation in Children Implementation Long Term Flow up

Yasal Durum, Etik Konular ve Sosyal Sorunlar
Legal Situation, Ethical Issues and Social Problems
Sema AKMANa
aAkdeniz Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Çocuk Nefrolojisi BD, Antalya, Türkiye
Akman S. Yasal durum, etik konular ve sosyal sorunlar. Keskinoğlu A, editör. Çocuklarda Böbrek Nakli: Uygulamalar ve Uzun Süre İzlem. 1. Baskı. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri; 2024. p.114-8.
Article Language: TR
ÖZET
Böbrek nakli ile uğraşan hekimler yasalara ve etik kurallara dikkat etmek ve başarılı bir böbrek nakli yapabilmek için mutlaka sosyal sorunlara çözüm aramak durumundadır. Ayrıca Evre 5 kronik böbrek hastalığı olan bir çocuğun hayatta kalıp uzun yıllar yaşayabilmesi yanında normal görünümde olabilmesi ve normal büyüme gelişme gösterebilmesi için böbrek nakli şansı verilmesinin gerektiğini sağlık personelinin hem bilmesi hem de aileyi ve toplumu bu yönde eğitmesi etik bir zorunluluktur. Ciddi sağlık sorunu olan çocuk hastalarımız aynı zamanda çok ciddi yoksulluk, cahillik ve dışlanmışlık sarmalı içindedir. Halen yürürlükte olan Organ ve Doku Alınması, Saklanması, Aşılanması ve Nakli Hakkındaki 2238 sayılı kanun 3 Haziran 1979 yılında yasalaştı. En son organ nakli hizmetleri yönetmeliği 2022 yılında yayınlandı. Hem kanunda hem de son yönetmelikte çocuklarla ilgili maddeler yetersizdir. Organ bağışının tamamen gönüllülük esasına dayanması ve rızanın açık ve net şekilde ifade edilmesi büyük bir etik önem taşır. Özellikle ataerkil aile düzeninin hakim olduğu ailelerde gönüllülük konusunda emin olunması hekim için oldukça önemlidir. Hastaların ve ailelerin özel hayatlarının korunması, sağlık bilgilerinin gizliliği ve karar alma süreçlerine saygı duyulması organ nakli sürecinde temel etik ilkeler arasındadır. Sosyal sorunlar toplumda geniş kitleleri etkileyen ve çözümü için sosyal, ekonomik veya politik müdahaleler gerektiren konulardır. Hastanın tam iyilik halini sağlamak için sosyal çevresinin düzeltilmesinin önemi çok açıktır. Bu konuda hekimin öncü rolü çok önemlidir. Kronik böbrek yetmezliği olan çocukların özgüvenli yetişkin olmaları için ailenin maddi (sosyal yardımı arttırarak) ve manevi (psikologlar aracığı ile) desteklenmesi, çocukların büyürken meslek sahibi olabilmeleri için milli eğitim bakanlığı ile koordineli çalışan sosyal hizmet uzmanlarının birebir çocuk ve aileler ile ilgilenebileceği şartlar oluşturulmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Çocuklarda böbrek nakli; yasa; yönetmelik; etik; sosyal sorunlar
ABSTRACT
Physicians dealing with kidney transplantation must pay attention to laws and ethical rules and seek solutions to social problems in order to perform a successful kidney transplantation. In addition, it is an ethical obligation for healthcare personnel to know that a child with stage 5 chronic kidney disease should be given the chance for kidney transplantation in order to survive and live for many years, as well as to have a normal appearance and normal growth and development, and to educate the family and society in this regard. Our pediatric patients with serious health problems are also in a very serious spiral of poverty, ignorance and exclusion. Law No. 2238 on Organ and Tissue Retrieval, Storage, Grafting and Transplantation, which is still in force, became law on June 3, 1979. The latest organ transplant services regulation was published in 2022. Articles regarding children are insufficient in both the law and the final regulation. It is of great ethical importance that organ donation be completely voluntary and that consent be expressed clearly. It is very important for the physician to be confident about volunteering, especially in families where patriarchal family order prevails. Protecting the private lives of patients and families, confidentiality of health information and respecting decision-making processes are among the basic ethical principles in the organ transplantation process. Social problems are issues that affect large masses in society and require social, economic or political interventions to solve. The importance of improving the patient's social environment to ensure complete well-being is obvious. The leading role of the physician in this regard is very important. In order for children with chronic kidney failure to become self-confident adults, the family should be supported financially (by increasing social assistance) and morally (through psychologists), and conditions should be created where social workers working in coordination with the Ministry of National Education can deal with children and families one-on-one, so that children can have a profession while growing up.

Keywords: Kidney transplantation in children; law; regulations; ethics; social problems

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