Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Ethics-Law and History

.: REVIEW
Yapay Zekânın Sağlık Uygulamalarındaki Kullanımı ve Etik Açıdan Tartışılması: Geleneksel Derleme
The Use of Artificial Intelligence in Health Applications and its Ethical Discussion: Traditional Compilation
Ebru SAĞIROĞLUa , Hale TOSUNb
aÜsküdar Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Ebelik Bölümü, İstanbul, Türkiye
bSağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Hamidiye Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Ebelik Bölümü, İstanbul, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Ethics. 2023;31(2):140-8
doi: 10.5336/mdethic.2022-92760
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 XXI. yüzyılın gelişen teknoloji dünyası içerisinde yer alan yapay zekâ; makine öğrenimi, doğal dil işleme ve robotik alanlar ile tıpta birçok alanda uygulanabilmektedir. Biyomedikal araştırmalara, tıp eğitimine ve sağlık hizmetlerinin sunumuna potansiyel katkısı sınırsız görünmektedir. Son zamanlarda sağlığı yönetmek için yapay zekâ destekli ve etkileşimli dijital müdahaleler kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Örneğin mamogramlara uygulanan yapay zekâ tabanlı tanı algoritmaları meme kanserinin saptanmasına yardımcı olurken, radyologlar için de ikinci bir görüş olarak hizmet edebilmektedir. Bununla birlikte, bu güçlü yapay zekâ teknolojisi hasta tercihini, mahremiyetini, güvenliğini ve daha birçok unsur üzerinde tehdit etme konusunda muazzam bir yeteneğe sahiptir. Özellikle sağlık alanında algoritmaların eğitimi sırasında ön yargılı verilerin dâhil edilmesi sonucu, ırkçılık ve cinsiyetçilik gibi insan ön yargılarının yapay zekâ modellerine dâhil edilirken ortaya çıkardığı etik sorunlar tartışılmaktadır. Yapay zekâ teknolojisi için mevcut politika ve etik yönergeler, yapay zekânın sağlık alanında kaydettiği ilerlemenin gerisinde kalmaktadır. Bu konuda ele alınması gereken en önemli konulardan biri, yapay zekâ teknolojisinin yararları ve risklerinin nasıl dengeleneceği ile ortaya çıkan etik sorunların çözümlenebilmesi için kullanılan verilerin kalitesini ve miktarını belirlemek ve veriler yoluyla modele kasıtlı veya kasıtsız herhangi bir ön yargının dâhil edilip edilmediğini belirlemek olmaktadır. Yapay zekâ, sağlık bakım hizmeti sunumunun verimliliğini ve hasta bakımının kalitesini artırma fırsatı sunduğundan, güvenilir yapay zekâ teknolojisini sağlık hizmetleri sistemine hızla entegre etmenin yararı bulunmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, mahremiyet ve gizliliğe yönelik tehditler, bilgilendirilmiş onam ve hasta özerkliğine yönelik tehditleri içerebilen yapay zekâ uygulamasının, etik ihlallerini en aza indirmeye ve odağında insan olan, yaşama hakkına saygılı, mahremiyet, şeffaflık, adil muamele, ayrımcılık yapmama gibi etik ilkeleri dikkate alma ihtiyacı bulunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Yapay zekâ; etik ilkeler; sağlık hizmeti sunumu; sağlık sistemi
ABSTRACT
 Artificial intelligence in the technology world of the 21st century; it can be applied in many fields in medicine, with machine operation, natural language processing and robotics. His possible contributions to biomedical research, medical education, and healthcare delivery are limitless. For the health management of the latest systems, artificial intelligence supported and interactive digital interventions are run. For example, artificial intelligence-based recognition processes based on mammograms can also serve as a 2nd opinion for target radiologists who help detect breast cancer. However, this powerful artificial intelligence technology has an enormous ability to threaten patient choice, privacy, security, and more. Ethical problems that arise when incorporating human prejudices such as racism and sexism into artificial intelligence models, especially as a result of the inclusion of biased data during the training of algorithms in the field of health, are discussed. Current policy and ethical guidelines for artificial intelligence technology lag behind artificial intelligences progress in healthcare. One of the most important issues to be addressed in this regard is to determine how to balance the benefits and risks of artificial intelligence technology and to determine the quality and quantity of the data used to solve the ethical problems that arise, and to determine whether any intentional or unintentional bias is included in the model through the data. There are benefits to rapidly integrating reliable artificial intelligence technology into the healthcare system, as artificial intelligence offers the opportunity to improve the efficiency of healthcare delivery and the quality of patient care. However, there is a need to minimize the ethical violations of artificial intelligence application, which may include threats to privacy and confidentiality, informed consent and patient autonomy, and to consider ethical principles such as human-centered, respect for the right to life, privacy, transparency, fair treatment, and non-discrimination.

Keywords: Artificial intelligence; ethical principles; delivery of health care; health system
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We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com