Cyber Psychology

Yapay Zeka Psikolojisi ve Sanal Gerçeklik Uygulamaları
Psychology of Artificial Intelligence and Virtual Reality Applications
Görkem DERİNa, Erdinç ÖZTÜRKa
aİstanbul Üniversitesi-Cerrahpaşa Adli Tıp ve Adli Bilimler Enstitüsü, Sosyal Bilimler ABD, İstanbul, TÜRKİYE
Derin G, Öztürk E. Yapay zeka psikolojisi ve sanal gerçeklik uygulamaları. Öztürk E, editör. Siber Psikoloji. 1. Baskı. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri; 2020. p.41-7.
Article Language: TR
ÖZET
 İnsanların kendilerini ve çevresindekileri nasıl algılayabildiği, gerektiğinde bu karmaşık yapıyı nasıl çözebildiği ve kontrol edebildiğine yönelik çalışmalar insanlık tarihi kadar eski zamanlara dayansa da özellikle son asırdan bu yana büyük ölçüde ivme kazanmış dijital teknolojiler, tüm bu sürecin daha net bir şekilde anlaşılmasında en önemli faktörlerden birini oluşturmaktadır. Bu faktörlerin başında ise yapay zeka teknolojisi ve son çeyrek yüzyılda ciddi bir metodolojik dönüşümün gerçekleşmesi sonucunda oldukça önem verilmeye başlayan ve disiplinler arası olarak çalışılan yapay zeka psikolojisi gelmektedir. Yapay zeka psikolojisi ile ilgili psikoloji ve psikiyatri disiplinleriyle yapılan çalışmalarda sanal gerçeklik uygulamalarının oldukça fazla miktarda kullanıldığı görülmektedir. Özellikle klinik psikoloji, gerçekleştirdiği psikoterapi seanslarında sanal gerçeklik uygulamalarından önemli ölçüde faydalanmaktadır. Sanal gerçeklik uygulamalarının düzenli ve efektif kullanıldığı psikoterapilerde altı ay sonunda %15'den %67'e kadar psikiyatrik semptomların azaldığı bildirilmiştir. Sanal gerçeklik uygulamalarının psikoterapiye verdiği katkının yanı sıra çeşitli yan etkileri de bulunmaktadır. Bu yan etkiler arasında; baş ağrısı, mide bulantısı ve motor becerilerde azalma en sık görülen yan etkileri oluşturmaktadır. Sanal gerçeklik uygulamalarının psikoterapilerde daha sağlıklı ve yaygın olarak kullanılabilmesi için yan etkilerinin minimum ve kontrol edilebilir düzeyde olması oldukça önemlidir. Yapay zeka ve sanal gerçeklik uygulamaları, ülkemizde çok fazla kullanılan bir yöntem ve araç olmamasına rağmen, Endüstri 4.0'a geçmeye hazır nitelikteki sosyoekonomik düzeyi yüksek ve teknolojisi ileri düzeyde olan ülkeler için çeşitli sorunlara yol açabilecek unsurları içerisinde barındırmaktadır. Endüstri 4.0 ile özellikle insan gücüne dayalı fiziksel emek gerektiren işleri zamanla yapay zeka teknolojisine sahip makinelerin yapmaya başlıyor olması sonucu oluşacak olası işsizliğin ve istihdam sorununa yönelik tedbirlerin ve müdahalelerin hazır bulundurulması oluşabilecek mağduriyetlerin engellenmesinde kritik bir husustur. Yapay zeka teknolojisi oldukça büyüyen ve diğer disiplinlerin katkılarıyla çok farklı alanlarda kullanılmaya başlayan bir alandır. Özellikle psikoloji bilimi ile gerçekleştirilecek disiplinlerarası araştırmalar ve uygulamalar ile insan psikolojisindeki önemli belirleyiciler arasında yer alan duygu, kültür ve grup dinamikleri gibi oldukça esnek ve değişken yapıdaki niteliklerin yapay zekanın hedeflediği insansı robotlara aktarılmasındaki olasılık artabilecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Yapay zeka; siber psikoloji; yapay zeka psikolojisi; sanal gerçeklik
ABSTRACT
 Studies on how people perceive themselves and those around them, how they can solve and control this complex structure are as old as human history. Especially since the last century, digital technologies have gained momentum to a great extent and are one of the most important factors in understanding this process more clearly. Among these factors, artificial intelligence technology and artificial intelligence psychology, which has started to be given importance as a result of a serious methodological transformation in the last quarter century, are studied. In studies conducted with the psychology and psychiatry disciplines related to the psychology of artificial intelligence, it is seen that virtual reality applications are widely used. Clinical psychology makes use of virtual reality applications significantly during psychotherapy sessions. It has been reported that psychiatric symptoms decreased from 15% to 67% after six months in psychotherapies where virtual reality applications are used regularly and effectively. Besides the contribution of virtual reality applications to psychotherapy, there are various side effects. These side effects include; headache, nausea and decrease in motor skills are the most common side effects. Virtual reality applications in psychotherapies to be used more widely and healthier side effects of minimum and controllable level is very important. Although artificial intelligence and virtual reality applications are not widely used methods and tools in our country, they contain elements that may cause various problems for countries with high socioeconomic level and high technology ready to move to Industry 4.0. With Industry 4.0, machines that have artificial intelligence technology will start to do jobs requiring physical labor, especially based on manpower. The availability of measures and interventions to address the problem of unemployment and employment as a result of this is a critical issue in preventing possible grievances. Artificial intelligence technology is a field that is growing and started to be used in many different fields with the contribution of other disciplines. Especially with the interdisciplinary research and applications to be carried out with the science of psychology, highly flexible and variable qualities such as emotion, culture and group dynamics which are among the important determinants of human psychology will be transferred to humanoid robots targeted by artificial intelligence.

Keywords: Artificial intelligence; cyberpsychology; psychology of artificial intelligence; virtual reality

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