Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Water Consumption Per Capita and COVID-19 Indices: An Analysis with Machine-Based Learning Methods
Kişi Başına Düşen Su Tüketimi ve COVID-19 İndeksleri: Makine Öğrenimi ile Yapılan Analiz
Ahmet AKGÜLa,c, Kerem ŞENELb, Sinem ERYİĞİTc, Saygın TÜRKYILMAZd, İbrahim SAYINd
aDepartment of Gerontology, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Health Sciences, İstanbul, TURKEY
bDepartment of Healthcare Management, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Health Sciences, İstanbul, TURKEY
cİst-GETAM, Gerontechnology Center, İstanbul, TURKEY
dClinic of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Bakırköy Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, TURKEY
Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci. 2021;41(3):305-12
doi: 10.5336/medsci.2021-84335
Article Language: EN
Full Text
ABSTRACT
 Objective: To evaluate the relationship between water use of countries and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) data in order to establish the effect of water dynamics on COVID-19 pandemics. Material and Methods: The country-based water consumption per capita (WC) and COVID-19 indices [total cases per 1 million population (CI-C) and deaths per 1 million population (CI-D)] collected from the Worldometer website and the Global Competitiveness Scores from The Global Competitiveness Report 2019 of World Economic Forum which was accessed at the day of May 30th, 2020. The relationship between water consumption and COVID-19 incidences was evaluated with 'machine learning' methods. The statistical analyses were performed with the use of R software, version 4.0.0 (R Project for Statistical Computing). Results: For a total of 138 countries, we found a positive correlation between WC and CI-C (R 0.13). For the first 20 developed countries, we found a negative correlation between WC and CI-C and CI-D (R -0.18). The USA data is completely different from other 19 analyzed countries. The correlation coefficient becomes -0.44 when the USA is excluded, compared to -0.18 for all 20 countries including the USA. Conclusion: A negative relationship between water consumption and COVID-19 incidences was found at least for a relatively homogeneous group which is comprised of mainly developed countries. Among the developed countries, USA exhibits different characteristics. In contrast, when all 138 countries were analyzed, a positive relation was found. The results can be used from various disciplines since the water and its relations with micro-systems serve one of the most important issues for our present time and future.

Keywords: Water; coronavirus; pandemics; socioeconomic growth; machine-based learning
ÖZET
 Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, ülkelerin su tüketimlerinin koronavirüs hastalığı-2019 [coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)] salgınları üzerindeki etkisini belirlemek için su kullanımı ile COVID-19 verileri arasındaki ilişkiyi değerlendirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Worldometer web sitesinden, ülkelerdeki kişi başına düşen su tüketimi [water consumption (WC)] ve COVID-19 indeksleri [1 milyon nüfus başına toplam vaka (COVID-19 indices-Case 'Cl-C') ve 1 milyon nüfus başına ölüm (COVID-19 indices-Death 'CI-D')] elde edildi. Dünya Ekonomik Forumu'nun 2019 Küresel Rekabet Edebilirlik Raporu'ndan Rekabet Edebilirlik Puanları ile ülkelerin gelişmişlik durumları 30 Mayıs 2020 tarihli erişim sonucuna göre sıralandı. Su tüketimi ile COVID-19 vakaları arasındaki ilişki makine öğrenimi yöntemleriyle değerlendirildi. İstatistik analiz için R Software, version 4.0.0 (R Project for Statistical Computing) kullanıldı. Bulgular: Toplam 138 ülke için WC ve CI-C (R 0.13) arasında pozitif bir korelasyon bulundu. İlk 20 gelişmiş ülke için, WC ile CI-C ve CI-D (R -0.18) arasında negatif bir korelasyon bulundu. ABD verileri, incelenen diğer 19 ülkeden tamamen farklı idi. Korelasyon katsayısı, ABD hariç tutulduğunda -0.44 olurken, ABD dâhil edildiğinde ise 20 ülke için -0.18 olarak bulundu. Sonuç: Gelişmiş ülkeler içinde -ABD farklı özellikler sergilemektedir- homojen bir şekilde su tüketimi ile COVID-19 vakaları arasında negatif bir ilişki vardır. Buna rağmen 138 ülkenin tamamı incelendiğinde su tüketimi ile COVID-19 vakaları arasındaki ilişki pozitiftir. Su ve mikro çevre ilişkileri günümüz ve geleceğimiz için en önemli konulardan biri olarak birçok farklı disiplin içinde kullanılmaya ve araştırılmaya değerdir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Su; koronavirüs; pandemiler; sosyoekonomik büyüme; makine öğrenimi metodu
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