Turkiye Klinikleri Gynecology Obstetrics - Special Topics

Vulvovaginal Hastalıklar Özel Sayısı
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Vulvar İntraepitelyal Neoplazi
Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia
Murat DEDEa, Serkan BODURa
aKadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Kliniği, Gülhane Eğitim Araştırma Hastanesi, Ankara
Turkiye Klinikleri J Gynecol Obst-Special Topics. 2017;10(2):181-9
Article Language: TR
ÖZET
Son otuz yıllık dönemde vulvar skuamöz kanser insidansı hemen hemen benzer oranlarda seyretmesine rağmen vulvar intraeptelyal neoplazi sıklığı gittikçe artış göstermiştir. HPV etkisinde oluşan ve usual VIN (uVIN) olarak adlandırılan tip, sıklıkla genç hasta grubunda izlenmekte ve multifokal lezyonlar oluşturmaktadır. Differansiye VIN olarak bilinen tip (dVIN) ise daha sıklıkla postmenapozal dönemde izlenen HPV'den bağımsız lezyonlardır. uVIN lezyonlar sıklıkla yüksek riskli HPV tipleri tarafından meydan getirilirken aynı zamanda HPV persistansı ile ilişkili faktörler olan sigara kullanımı, immunsupresyon ve artmış cinsel partner sayısı ile de iliklidir. dVIN ise sıklıkla kronik dermatozlar ve liken sklerozus ile ilişkilidir. Her ne kadar izole dVIN nadiren izlense de dVIN lezyonların maligniteye dönüşme ihtimali daha fazla ve maligniteye dönüşüm süreleri daha kısadır. uVIN lezyonlarda histopatolojik mimari ve sitolojik anormallikler çok belirgin olmasına rağmen, dVIN lezyonlarda tanı zor ve ayrıcı tanı güçtür. HPV aşısı ile VIN lezyonları azaltılabildiği ve erken tanı için tarama programları geliştirilemediği için uygun yaş grubunda profilaktik HPV aşılamaları yapılmalıdır. Tanı sadece görsel değerlendirme ile sınırlı olduğu için tüm pigmente vulvar lezyonlardan liberal olarak biyopsi yapılmalıdır. Postmenapozal dönemde izlenen ve tedaviye dirençli olan genital siğillerden de biyopsi yapılmalıdır. Tespit edilen tüm VIN lezyonları tedavi edilmelidir. Okult invazyon ihtimali düşünülmeyen olgular medikal ve lazer ablasyon ile tedavi edilebilirler. Kanser şüphesi olan olgularda ise geniş lokal eksizyon tedavide tercih edilmelidir. Tedavi sonrası tüm hastalar rekürren VIN ve vulvar kanser açısından risk altında olarak değerlendirilmeli ve 6/12 aylık dönemler ile hastalar kontrollere çağrılmalıdırlar.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Vulva; in situ karsinom; tanısal testler, olağan; tedavi
ABSTRACT
While the incidence of vulvar squamous cancer (VSCC) has remained relatively stable during last thirty years, the incidence of vulvar intraepithelial lesions (VIN) has extremely increased. One of VIN types known as usual VIN (uVIN) is considered to be associated with human papillomavirus infections, affects younger women and is a multicentric disease. The other type of VIN known as differentiated type (dVIN) is known to be HPV independent lesion, arises due to presence of chronic dermatologic diseases and lichen sclerosus, and occurs in post-menopausal women. Even though the isolated form of dVIN known to be seen very rarely, carries significantly greater risk and needs shorter time for malignant transformation than uVIN. While histological evaluation of uVIN is relatively easy due to distinct architectural and cytological abnormalities, histological diagnosis of dVIN remains as a challenge due to very subtle pathologic features. As the immunization with HPV vaccine has been shown to decrease the risk of VIN and three were no developed screening strategies exists for early detection of vulvar cancer and VIN all women at the targeted age group should be vaccinated. And also, as the diagnosis is only limited to visual assessment, biopsy is indicated for all pigmented vulvar lesions. The genital warts seen in postmenopausal women and persist after appropriate topical treatments should also be biopsied. Treatment is indicated for all cases of VIN. When occult invasion is not a concern, VIN can be treated with laser ablation, or medical therapy. Wide local excision is recommended when cancer is suspected. Women undergone to successful treatment of VIN should be accepted as potential candidates of recurrent disease and cancer should be monitored with 6 and 12 months' time intervals.

Keywords: Vulva; carcinoma in situ; diagnostic tests, routine; therapy

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30.03.2014

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