Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Health Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Üstün Zekâlı Çocukların Annelerinin Gebelik Sürecindeki Beslenme Alışkanlıklarının Saptanması: Retrospektif Bir Çalışma
Determining the Nutrition Habits of the Mothers of Gifted Children During the Pregnancy: A Retrospective Study
Elif Nur ALTINOKLUa, Rabia İclal ÖZTÜRKa, Şeyma KABLAN ÇİMEN b,c, Neşe AYŞİT b,d, Funda TUNCERe
aİstanbul Medipol Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Beslenme ve Diyetetik Bölümü, İstanbul, Türkiye
bİstanbul Medipol Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilim ve Teknolojileri Araştırma Enstitüsü, Rejeneratif ve Restoratif Tıp Araştırmaları Merkezi, İstanbul, Türkiye
cİstanbul Medipol Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Beslenme ve Diyetetik Bölümü, İstanbul, Türkiye
dİstanbul Medipol Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Tıbbi Biyoloji Bölümü, İstanbul, Türkiye
eÜsküdar Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Beslenme ve Diyetetik Bölümü, İstanbul, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Health Sci. 2023;8(2):250-60
doi: 10.5336/healthsci.2023-95671
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Amaç: Bu araştırmada, üstün zekâlı çocuğu olan annelerin gebelik dönemindeki beslenme alışkanlıklarının araştırılması ve kontrol grubu ile karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Retrospektif ve tanımlayıcı nitelikteki bu çalışmaya 48'i üstün zekâlı ve 46'sı kontrol olan 94 çocuk ve anne çifti dâhil edilmiştir. Demografik bilgiler, beslenme alışkanlıkları ve fiziksel aktivite durumları anket formu ile sorgulanmıştır. Bulgular: Üstün zekâ ve kontrol grubundaki çocukların yaş ortalamaları sırasıyla 9,3±1,9 ve 10,3±1,4 yıldır. Annelerin eğitim durumları arasında anlamlı fark görülmezken (p=0,125), meslek dağılımlarının anlamlı olarak farklı olduğu; kontrol grubu annelerinin %58,7'sinin ev hanımı, üstün zekâ grubu annelerinin %47,9'unun memur veya özel sektör çalışanı olduğu belirlenmiştir (p=0,035). Annenin gebelikteki fiziksel aktivite durumu ile çocuğun üstün zekâlı olması arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmamıştır (p=0,580). Gebelikte balık, çay, kahve ve su tüketimi; yağ tercihi, iyotlu/iyotsuz tuz kullanımı gibi faktörler ve besin desteği kullanımı ile zekâ arasında anlamlı bir ilişki gözlenmemiştir (p>0,05). Gebelikte bir besine aşırı istek duyma oranı her iki grupta da benzer olup üstün zekâ grubunda besinlere karşı tiksinti duyma oranı, kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı olarak daha düşük bulunmuştur (p=0,039). En fazla istek duyulan besinler başta erik olmak üzere diğer meyveler olurken en fazla tiksinti duyulan besinler tavuk, soğan ve çay olarak kaydedilmiştir. Sonuç: Soyut bir kavram olan zekâyı etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi oldukça karmaşık ve zorlayıcıdır. Annenin gebelikteki beslenme durumu ve alışkanlıklarının çocuğun zekâ düzeyi üzerindeki etkilerini net olarak belirlemek için daha kapsamlı, kontrollü ve uzun süreli çalışmalar gereklidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Beslenme durumu; prenatal beslenme ile ilgili fizyolojik fenomenler; çocuk, özel yetenekli
ABSTRACT
 Objective: In this study, it was aimed to investigate the nutritional habits of mothers with gifted children during pregnancy and to compare them with the control group. Material and Methods: This retrospective and descriptive study included 94 child and mother couples, 48 of whom were gifted and 46 of whom were controls. Demographic information, nutritional habits and physical activity status were questioned with a questionnaire. Results: The mean ages of the children in the gifted and control groups were 9.3±1.9 and 10.3±1.4 years, respectively. While there was no significant difference between the education levels of the mothers (p=0.125), the occupational distributions were significantly different; It was determined that 58.7% of the mothers of the control group were housewives, and 47.9% of the mothers of the gifted group were civil servants or private sector employees (p=0.035). There was no significant relationship between the physical activity status of the mother during pregnancy and the child being in the gifted group (p=0.580). No significant relationship was observed between factors such as fish, tea, coffee and water consumption; oil preference, use of iodized/non-iodized salt and the use of nutritional supplements during pregnancy and intelligence (p>0.05). The rate of excessive craving for any food during pregnancy was similar in both groups, and the rate of food disgust in the gifted group was found to be significantly lower than the control group (p=0.039). While the most desired foods were other fruits, especially plums, the most disgusting foods were recorded as chicken, onions and tea. Conclusion: Determining the factors affecting intelligence, which is an abstract concept, is quite complex and challenging. More comprehensive, controlled and long-term studies are needed to more clearly determine the effects of the mother's nutritional status and habits during pregnancy on the child's intelligence level.

Keywords: Nutritional status; prenatal nutritional physiological phenomena; child, gifted
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