Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Internal Medical Sciences

Koruyucu Nefroloji Ulusal Böbrek Yetmezliği Önleme Programı Özel Sayısı
Ulusal Böbrek Yetmezliği Önleme Programı: Türkiye'de Böbrek Yetmezliğini Önlemek İçin Hekimlerde Eğitim Etkinliğinin Araştırılması ve Risk Faktörlerine Göre İzlem ve Kayıt Sistemi Geliştirilmesi
NATIONAL PROGRAM FOR PREVENTION OF RENAL INSUFFICIENCY: EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TRAINING OF THE PHYSICIANS AND DEVELOPMENT OF FOLLOW-UP AND REGISTRY SYSTEM BASED ON RISK FACTORS FOR THE PREVENTION OF RENAL INSUFFICIENCY IN TURKEY
Oktay ÖZDEMİRa, Gültekin SÜLEYMANLARb
aYorum Sağlık Danışmanlık Yayıncılık Hiz. Ltd. Şti., İSTANBUL bİç Hastalıkları ABD, Nefroloji BD, Akdeniz Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, ANTALYA
Turkiye Klinikleri J Int Med Sci. 2007;3(38):100-9
Article Language: TR
ÖZET
Gerekçe: Kronik böbrek hastalığı, yüksek morbidite ve mortaliteye neden olması, bireylerin yaşam kalitesini ciddi olarak etkilemesi, yüksek tanı ve tedavi maliyeti ve topluma getirdiği yük nedeniyle ciddi bir sağlık sorunudur. Kronik böbrek hastalığının hem tanısı, hem de tedavisinde geç kalınmaktadır. Erken evrelerde tanı konulması ile hem kronik böbrek hastalığına özgün genel önlemler, hem de altta yatan ya da eşlik eden hastalıklara yönelik tedavi yaklaşımları ile hastalığın ileri evrelere doğru seyri yavaşlatılabilmektedir. Ancak bunun sağlanabilmesi için toplumda yaşam biçimi değişikliklerine yol açacak ve hastalığın tedavisinden çok önlenmesine dayalı, ulusal ölçekte uygulanacak bir hastalık yönetimi modeli geliştirilmelidir. Ülkemizde henüz böyle bir yaklaşım uygulanmamaktadır. Projenin Amaçları: Program, toplumda kronik böbrek hastalığı risk faktörlerinin belirlenmesi ve kontrol edilmesini; kronik böbrek hastalığı/ kronik böbrek yetmezliği hastalarının erken tanısına yönelik model geliştirilmesini; kronik böbrek yetmezliğinin son dönem böbrek yetmezliğine ilerlemesinin önlenmesi ya da geciktirilmesini; kronik böbrek hastalığının tanı ve tedavisinde ulusal kılavuzlar ile izlem ve kayıt sisteminin geliştirilmesi ve uygulanmasını, hekimlerin bilgi, tutum ve davranışlarında iyileşmeye yol açacak eğitim modalitelerinin belirlenmesini, hekimler ile toplumun farkındalık düzeyinin arttırılmasına yönelik modalitelerin araştırılmasını ve hastaların yaşam kalitesinin artırılmasını hedeflemektedir. Projenin Bileşenleri: Proje farklı bilimsel yöntemlerin kullanılacağı 4 bileşenden oluşmaktadır: bileşen: Sağlık kaynaklarının kullanımı ve sağlık sisteminin gözden geçirilmesi bileşen: Risk faktörlerinin ve risk altındaki kişilerin saptanması için Türkiye'yi temsil eden iki aşamalı bir epidemiyolojik çalışma. bileşen: Hastalığın önlenmesi, ilerlemesinin geciktirilmesi ve tedavisi ile ilgili her basamaktaki hekimlerin çeşitli yöntemlerle uygulanan eğitim sonrası kronik böbrek hastalıkları risk faktörleri konusundaki bilgi, tutum ve davranışlarında ortaya çıkan değişikliklerin araştırılması, ulusal ölçekte geçerli ve ülkemiz için özgün olan bir kronik böbrek hastalığı tanı panelinin geliştirilmesi ve kronik böbrek hastalığı ve kronik böbrek yetmezliğinin tanı, tedavi ve izlemine yönelik ulusal kılavuz geliştirilmesi. bileşen: Pilot bölgelerde tüm topluma odaklanacak etkinliklerle kronik böbrek hastalığı farkındalık düzeyini arttırmaya yönelik basılı ve görsel medya programlarının düzenlenmesi. Projeden Beklenen Yararlar: Program gerçekleştiği takdirde ulusal ekonomiye, toplumsal refaha ve bilimsel birikime önemli katkılar sağlanacaktır. Yalnızca son dönem böbrek yetmezliği için renal replasman tedavisi uygulanmasına dayalı bir yaklaşım yerine toplumda yaşam biçimi değişikliklerine yol açacak ve hastalığın tedavisinden çok önlenmesine dayalı, ulusal ölçekte uygulanacak bir hastalık yönetim sisteminin geliştirilmesi sayesinde ulusal ekonomiye ve toplumsal refaha önemli katkılar sağlanacaktır. Ayrıca "Ulusal Böbrek Yetmezliği Önleme Programı: Türkiye'de Böbrek Yetmezliğini Önlemek İçin Hekimlerde Eğitim Etkinliğinin Araştırılması ve Risk Faktörlerine Göre İzlem ve Kayıt Sistemi Geliştirilmesi" programı kapsamında kronik böbrek hastalığı ve ilgili hastalıkların bilinen sıklığı ve dağılımı, kronik böbrek hastalığının insidansı ve seyri ve hastalığın ortaya çıkışını etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi, risk faktörleri doğrultusunda bir izlem ve kayıt sistemi ile ulusal kılavuz ve hastalık tanı paneli geliştirilmesi, birinci basamak hekimlerin eğitimine yönelik modalitelerin geliştirilmesi ve hekimler ile toplumun farkındalık düzeyinin arttırılmasına yönelik modalitelerin belirlenmesi sayesinde bilimsel birikime de katkıda bulunulacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Kronik böbrek yetmezliği, risk faktörleri, mezuniyet sonrası tıp eğitimi, epidemiyoloji
ABSTRACT
Rationale: Chronic renal failure is a serious health problem with high morbidity and mortality rate. Since the patients are asymptomatic during the early phases of the disease, both the diagnosis and the treatment of chronic renal failure are usually made late clinically. Early diagnosis of the disease may prevent or delay the progression to late phases by providing early treatment of chronic renal failure and underlying or accompanying conditions. For the early diagnosis, a national health program including life style changes in the society and depending on the prevention rather than the treatment of the disease needs to be developed. There is no such program in progress in Turkey. Aims: This program aims to determine and control the risk factors for chronic renal failure in the society; to develop a model for the early diagnosis of chronic renal failure/end-stage renal disease patients; to prevent or delay the progression of chronic renal failure to end-stage renal disease; to develop and apply national guidelines and follow-up and registry system for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic renal failure; to determine the education modalities for the improvement of the physicians' knowledge, attitude, and behavioral aspects, to research the modalities for the improvement of awareness level of physicians and society and to increase the quality of life of patients. Components of Project: The Project includes 4 components, each one using different scientific methodology: Component 1: Review of the data on the current health system and utilization of sources. Component 2: An epidemiological study on the defining the risk factors and patients with risk factors for chronic renal failure. Component 3: Investigation on the alterations in the levels of knowledge, attitude, and behavioral aspects of the physicians from all levels of health service in respect to the prevention, delaying the progression and treatment of chronic renal failure; a development of a diagnosis panel for the chronic renal failure, which will be valid nationwide and specific to our country; and implementation of a national guideline for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of chronic renal failure patients. Component 4: Organization of printed and visual media programs to increase the awareness level of chronic renal failure in designated pilot areas. Expected Benefits: The outcome of this program will have important contribution to national economy, welfare of population and scientific information. Instead of renal replacement treatment for only end-stage renal disease, a national health management program including life style changes in the population and depending on the prevention rather than the treatment of the disease would contribute to national economy and welfare of population remarkably. Additionally, the content of "National Program for Prevention of Renal Failure: Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Training of the Physicians and Development of Follow-up and Registry Based on Risk Factors for the Prevention of Renal Insufficiency in Turkey" program will have contribution to scientific accumulation by researching chronic renal failure and frequency and distribution of related diseases, and incidence and prevalence of chronic renal failura, determination of factors that effect arising of disease, development of follow-up and registry system, national guidelines and disease diagnosis program with respect to risk factors, development of education modalities for the primary care physicians, and identifying the modalities for the improvement of awareness level of physicians and society.

Keywords: Chronic renal failure, risk factors, graduate medical education, epidemiology

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