Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Ethics-Law and History

.: RESEARCH
Türkiye'nin İlk Ambulans Servisi: 077 Hızır Acil
Turkey's First Ambulance Service: 077 Hızır Emergency
Hasan ERBAYa
aAfyonkarahisar Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Tıp Tarihi ve Etik ABD, Afyonkarahisar, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Ethics. 2021;29(3):323-30
doi: 10.5336/mdethic.2020-79486
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Ambulans servisleri, bir ülkedeki sağlık sisteminin en önemli bileşenlerinden biridir. Bir ambulans servisinin kurulmasında teknik donanım yanında yetkin sağlık personeli, etkili yönetim ve başarılı bir iletişim altyapısı gibi pek çok unsur gerekmektedir. 1980'li yıllara kadar Türkiye'de hastanelerin ve belediyelerin kendi bünyelerinde ambulansları vardı. Bu ambulanslar daha çok hastayı evinden alıp hastaneye getirmek üzere hizmet veren araçlardı. Ayrıca kazalar ve afetler için de organize edilen bu sistem uzun yıllar boyunca devam etmiştir. Ancak bu hizmet, sistemli bir ambulans servisi hizmeti değildi. Bu sistemde ambulans ve şoför belediyelerden, sağlık ekibi ve bazı tıbbi malzemeler sağlık müdürlüklerinden temin edilmiştir. Ancak 1953 yılında, belediyelerin bazı yetkilerinin alınması üzerine ambulans hizmetleri aksamaya başlamıştır. Sonrasında bu hizmetleri hangi kurumun sağlayacağı konusunda belirsizlikler ortaya çıkmıştır. Acil sağlık hizmetleri açısından dünyadaki gelişmeler ve Türkiye'de bir ambulans servisi ihtiyacının açıkça ortaya çıkması bu konudaki çabaları hızlandırmıştır. 1983 yılından sonra Sağlık Bakanlığı bünyesinde çalışmalar başlamış ve uzun hazırlıklar sonucu 9 Ekim 1985 tarihinde, Ankara Numune Hastanesi'nde 'Hızır Acil Servis' faaliyete geçmiştir. '077 Hızır Acil Servis' ile birlikte Türkiye'de ilk kez, modern anlamda bir ambulans servisi faaliyete başlamıştır. Birtakım bürokratik ve idari sorunlar nedeniyle bu sistemin devamı ve gelişmesi sağlanamamıştır. Bu çalışmada, 1985 yılında Ankara Numune Hastanesinde kurulan '077 Hızır Acil Servis'in kuruluş süreci incelenmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Acil yardım; cankurtaran; ambulans tarihi; acil servis
ABSTRACT
 Ambulance services are one of the most important components of the healthcare system in a country. The establishment of an ambulance service requires many elements such as technical equipment, competent medical personnel, effective management and successful communication infrastructure. Until the 1980s, hospitals and municipalities had their own ambulances in Turkey. These ambulances were mostly vehicles that serve to pick up patients from their homes and bring them to the hospital. This system, which was also organized for accidents and disasters, continued for many years. However, this service was not a systematic ambulance service. In this system, ambulance and driver from municipalities; healthcare team and some medical supplies were provided from health directorates. However, in 1953, when some authority of the municipalities were taken, ambulance services started to be disrupted. Later, uncertainties emerged about which institution would provide these services. Developments in the world in terms of emergency health services and clearly the emergence of an ambulance service needs in Turkey had accelerated efforts in this regard. After 1983, studies within the Ministry of Health started and as a result of long preparations, 'Hızır Emergency Service' was established in Ankara Numune Hospital on October 9, 1985.'077 Hızır Emergency Service', for the first time in Turkey, began operating an ambulance service in the modern sense. Due to some bureaucratic problems, the continuation and development of this system could not be achieved. In this study, the establishment process of '077 Hızır Emergency Service' founded in Ankara Numune Hospital in 1985 is mentioned.

Keywords: Emergency aid; ambulance; history of ambulance; emergency service
REFERENCES:
  1. Ekşi A. Kitlesel Olaylarda Hastane Öncesi Acil Sağlık Hizmetleri Yönetimi. 1. Baskı. İzmir: Kitapana; 2015.
  2. Tarihçemiz. Kızılay. (Erişim tarihi: 19.09.2021) [Link] 
  3. Barker ZN. İlk Sıhhi Yardım. 1. Baskı. İstanbul: Türkiye Kızılay Gençlik Kurumu; 1938.
  4. Erbay H, Alan S, Kadıoğlu S. [Red Crescent Society correspondence about ambulance purchase on the eve of World War 1]. Demirhan Erdemir A, Başağaoğlu İ, Öncel Ö, Erer S, editörler. Geçmişten Günümüze İstanbul'da Sağlık Kongre Bildiri Kitabı. 1. Baskı. İstanbul:Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri; 2010. p.897-902.
  5. Sivil Savunma İdaresi Başkanlığı. İlk Yardım ve Ambulans Servisi. 1. Baskı. Ankara: Şark Matbaası; 1968.
  6. Perihan Ş, Günaydın M, Gündüz A. [Pre-hospital emergency health services: the case of Turkiye]. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilim Derg. 2019;8(1):120-7. [Link] 
  7. Ünlüoğlu İ, Ekşi A, Elçioğlu Ö. [The development of ambulances]. Sendrom. 2002;14(2):18-24. [Crossref] 
  8. Çelikli S. [From its establishment till today, standardization efforts and breaking points in the paramedic education]. Hastane Öncesi Derg. 2016;1(2):39-54. [Link] 
  9. Belediyemize Bir Ambulans Armağan Edildi. Altıeylül Gazetesi; 02.08.1973:1.
  10. "Cankurtaran" arabası ile can kurtarmağa koşuyoruz. Milliyet Gazetesi; 23.08.1955:5.
  11. Numanoğlu SC, Elçioğlu Ö, Özden H, Ünlüoğlu İ. [19. Yüzyılda Acil Tıp Hizmetleri, Cumhuriyet Sonrası Türkiye'de, Acil Yardım Hizmetlerinin Sunumu]. Kahya E, Şar S, Ataç A, Oğuz NY, Arda B, editörler. V. Türk Tıp Tarihi Kongresi Bildirileri Kitabı. 1. Baskı. Ankara: 1998. p.99-105.
  12. Sofuoğlu T. [Tarihçe]. Acil Ambulans Hekimleri Derneği. (Erişim tarihi: 08.10.2020) [Link] 
  13. Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı. Acil Sağlık Hizmetleri . Acil Sağlık Hizmetlerinin Yapısı. Ankara: 2011. [Link] 
  14. Sofuoğlu T. Dünyada ve Türkiye'de Ambulans Hizmetlerinin Gelişimi. (Erişim tarihi: 2.8.2020) [Link] 
  15. Özdoğan M, Ağalar F, Eryilmaz M, Özel G, Taviloğlu K. [Prehospital life support in trauma patients: basic or advanced trauma life support]. Ulus Travma Derg. 2006;12(2):87-94. [Link] 
  16. Sağlık ve Sosyal Yardım Bakanlığı. [Acil Tıp Hizmetleri Modernize Ediliyor]. Broşür. Ankara; 1985.
  17. Ege R. Kazalar, Önlenmesi, Haberleşme, Acil Yardım, Teşkilatlanma. Gazi Üniversitesi Kazaları Araştırma ve Önleme Enstitüsü Yayını No:1. Ankara: Emel Matbaacılık Sanayi; 1983.
  18. Ege R. Acil Yardım ve Kazalar. Gazi Üniversitesi Kazaları Araştırma ve Önleme Enstitüsü Yayını No:2. Ankara: Emel Matbaacılık; 1984.
  19. Kaylan AR. İstanbul Ambulans Sistemi İçin Yerleşim ve Dağıtım Modeli. 1. Baskı. İstanbul: Boğaziçi Üniversitesi; 1984.
  20. Güvercin CH, Murat A, Arda B. [The village institutes and health education]. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası. 2004;57(2):97-103. [Link] 
  21. Kaba H, Elçioğlu Ö. [Rise and development of the first and emergency aid technician and emergency medical technician professions' process at the historical development of the emergency health services: review]. Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Ethics. 2013;21(3):127-35. [Link] 
  22. Akyolcu N. [Emergency nursing from yesterday to today]. İÜFN Hem Derg. 2007;15(60):173-8. [Link] 
  23. Demirhan Erdemir A. [Acil Tedavi ve Bakımda Tıp Etiği Sorunları]. 1. Baskı. İstanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitabevi; 2006. p.6-7.
  24. Anavatan Partisi. Anavatan Partisi 29 Kasım 1987 Seçim Beyannamesi. Broşür. Ankara: 1987.
  25. T.B.M.M. Gündem Dışı Konuşmalar. TBMM Tutanak Dergisi. 18.12.1984. p.334.
  26. Türkiye'nin En Modern "Acil Servis"i Ankara'da Kuruluyor. Ulus Gazetesi. 28.04.1985.
  27. Başbakan, "Hızır Servis"i açtı. Milliyet Gazetesi. 10.10.1985:7.
  28. Hızır Acil Servis hizmete girdi. Barış Gazetesi. 10.10.1985.
  29. İstanbul İtfaiyesi 300 Yaşında. Anadolu Ajansı. 20.09.2014. (Erişim tarihi: 24.09.2021) [Link] 
  30. Taviloğlu K, Ertekin C, Türel Ö, Günay K, Güloğlu R, Kurtoğlu M. [Quality of emergency medical aid in the city of İstanbul observations, problems and suggestions]. Ulus Travma Derg. 1998;4(2):95-100. [Link] 
  31. Demirhan N. [Türkiye'de 112 - İlk ve Acil Yardım Hizmetleri ve Afetlerdeki Rolü]. 1. Baskı. İstanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitabevi; 2003. p.20-1.
  32. Esin S, Oğuzhan T, Kaya C, Ergüder T, Özkan AT, Yüksel İ. Afetlerde Sağlık Hizmetleri Yönetimi. 24-28 Ekim 2000-YALOVA. Kurs Notları. Ankara: Sağlık ve Sosyal Yardım Vakfı; 2001. p.84. [Link] 
  33. Özcan C, Çetiner Y. [Emergency health care services and paramedics in Turkey]. Sağlık ve Toplum. 2010;20(1):34-9. [Link] 
  34. Erbay H. [Why the prehospital emergency call number in turkey is 112? a recent history research in the context of ambulance services]. Lokman Hekim Derg. 2017;7(1):28-32. [Link] 
  35. Çalıkuşu A, Özer Ş. [Ülkemizde Travma Sonrası Acil Yardım Hizmetleri]. Ulus Travma Derg. 1997;3(4):251-7. [Link] 

.: Up To Date

.: Process List

Login

 Forgot your password?

 New Registration  

Contact

Ortadoğu Reklam Tanıtım Yayıncılık Turizm Eğitim İnşaat Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.

.: Address

Turkocagi Caddesi No:30 06520 Balgat / ANKARA
Phone: +90 312 286 56 56
Fax: +90 312 220 04 70
E-mail: info@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Manuscript Editing Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 2
E-mail: yaziisleri@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: English Language Redaction

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 145
E-mail: tkyayindestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Marketing Sales-Project Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 142
E-mail: reklam@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Subscription and Public Relations Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: abone@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Customer Services

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: satisdestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

1. TERMS OF USE

1.1. To use the web pages with http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name or the websites reached through the sub domain names attached to the domain name (They will be collectively referred as "SITE"), please read the conditions below. If you do not accept these terms, please cease to use the "SITE." "SITE" owner reserves the right to change the information on the website, forms, contents, the "SITE," "SITE" terms of use anytime they want.

1.2. The owner of the "SITE" is Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. (From now on it is going to be referred as "Turkiye Klinikleri", shortly) and it resides at Turkocagi cad. No:30, 06520 Balgat Ankara. The services in the "SITE" are provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.3. Anyone accessing the "SITE" with or without a fee whether they are a natural person or a legal identity is considered to agree these terms of use. In this contract hereby, "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the stated terms anytime. These changes will be published in the "SITE" periodically and they will be valid when they are published. Any natural person or legal identity benefiting from and reaching to the "SITE" are considered to be agreed to any change on hereby contract terms done by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.4. The "Terms of Use" hereby is published in the website with the last change on March 30th 2014 and the "SITE" is activated by enabling the access to everyone. The "Terms of Use" hereby is also a part of the any "USER Contract" was and/or will be done with the users using "Turkiye Klinikleri" services with or without a fee an inseparable.

2. DEFINITIONS

2.1. "SITE": A website offering different kind of services and context with a certain frame determined by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and it is accessible on-line on http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name and/or subdomains connected to the domain name.

2.2. USER: A natural person or a legal identity accessing to the "SITE" through online settings.

2.3. LINK: A link enabling to access to another website through the "SITE", the files, the context or through another website to the "SITE", the files and the context.

2.4. CONTEXT: Any visual, literary and auditory images published in the "Turkiye Klinikleri", "SITE" and/or any website or any accessible information, file, picture, number/figures, price, etc.

2.5. "USER CONTRACT": An electronically signed contract between a natural or a legal identity benefiting from special services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide and "Turkiye Klinikleri".

3. SCOPE OF THE SERVICES

3.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine the scope and quality of the services via the "SITE".

3.2. To benefit the services of "Turkiye Klinikleri" "SITE", the "USER" must deliver the features that will be specified by "Turkiye Klinikleri". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change this necessity any time single-sided.

3.3. Not for a limited number, the services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide through the "SITE" for a certain price or for free are;

- Providing scientific articles, books and informative publications for health industry.

- Providing structural, statistical and editorial support to article preparation stage for scientific journals.

4. GENERAL PROVISIONS

4.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine which of the services and contents provided in the "SITE" will be charged.

4.2. People benefiting from the services provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and using the website can use the "SITE" only according to the law and only for personal reasons. Users have the criminal and civil liability for every process and action they take in the "SITE". Every USER agrees, declares and undertakes that they will not proceed by any function or action infringement of rights of "Turkiye Klinikleri"s and/or other third parties', they are the exclusive right holder on usage, processing, storage, made public and revealing any written, visual or auditory information reported to Turkiye Klinikleri" and/or "SITE" to the third parties. "USER" agrees and undertakes that s/he will not duplicate, copy, distribute, process, the pictures, text, visual and auditory images, video clips, files, databases, catalogs and lists within the "SITE", s/he will not be using these actions or with other ways to compete with "Turkiye Klinikleri", directly or indirectly.

4.3. The services provided and the context published within the "SITE" by third parties is not under the responsibility of "Turkiye Klinikleri", institutions collaborated with "Turkiye Klinikleri", "Turkiye Klinikleri" employee and directors, "Turkiye Klinikleri" authorized salespeople. Commitment to accuracy and legality of the published information, context, visual and auditory images provided by any third party are under the full responsibility of the third party. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not promise and guarantee the safety, accuracy and legality of the services and context provided by a third party.

4.4. "USER"s cannot act against "Turkiye Klinikleri", other "USER"s and third parties by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" has no direct and/or indirect responsibility for any damage a third party suffered or will suffer regarding "USER"s actions on the "SITE" against the rules of the hereby "Terms of Use" and the law.

4.5. "USER"s accept and undertake that the information and context they provided to the "SITE" are accurate and legal. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is not liable and responsible for promising and guaranteeing the verification of the information and context transmitted to "Turkiye Klinikleri" by the "USER"s, or uploaded, changed and provided through the "SITE" by them and whether these information are safe, accurate and legal.

4.6. "USER"s agree and undertake that they will not perform any action leading to unfair competition, weakening the personal and commercial credit of "Turkiye Klinikleri" and a third party,  encroaching and attacking on personal rights within the "SITE" in accordance with the Turkish Commercial Code Law.

4.7. "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the right to change the services and the context within the "SITE"  anytime. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use this right without any notification and timelessly. "USER"s have to make the changes and/or corrections "Turkiye Klinikleri" required immediately. Any changes and/or corrections that are required by "Turkiye Klinikleri", may be made by "Turkiye Klinikleri" when needed. Any harm, criminal and civil liability resulted or will result from changes and/or corrections required by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and were not made on time by the "USER"s belongs completely to the users.

4.8. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may give links through the "SITE" to other websites and/or "CONTEXT"s and/or folders that are outside of their control and owned and run by third parties. These links are provided for ease of reference only and do not hold qualification for support the respective web SITE or the admin or declaration or guarantee for the information inside. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not hold any responsibility over the web-sites connected through the links on the "SITE", folders and context, the services or products on the websites provided through these links or their context.

4.9. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use the information provided to them by the "USERS" through the "SITE" in line with the terms of the "PRIVACY POLICY" and "USER CONTRACT". It may process the information or classify and save them on a database. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may also use the USER's or visitor's identity, address, e-mail address, phone number, IP number, which sections of the "SITE" they visited, domain type, browser type, date and time information to provide statistical evaluation and customized services.

5. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

5.1. The information accessed through this "SITE" or provided by the users legally and all the elements (including but not limited to design, text, image, html code and other codes) of the "SITE" (all of them will be called as studies tied to "Turkiye Klinikleri"s copyrights) belongs to "Turkiye Klinikleri". Users do not have the right to resell, process, share, distribute, display or give someone permission to access or to use the "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information and the products under copyright protection by "Turkiye Klinikleri". Within hereby "Terms of Use" unless explicitly permitted by "Turkiye Klinikleri" nobody can reproduce, process, distribute or produce or prepare any study from those under "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyright protection.

5.2. Within hereby "Terms of Use", "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the rights for "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information, the products associated with "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyrights, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trademarks, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trade looks or its all rights for other entity and information it has through this website unless it is explicitly authorized by "Turkiye Klinikleri".

6. CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF USE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com