Individuals with Special Needs in Disasters and Humanitarian Aid

Türkiye'nin Afet Özellikleri
Disaster Characteristics of Türkiye
Mukadder TORTUMLUa
aİzmir Kâtip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Hizmetleri Meslek Yüksekokulu, İlk ve Acil Yardım Programı, İzmir, Türkiye
Tortumlu M. Türkiye'nin afet özellikleri. Şahin H, Başer A, editörler. Afetlerde Özel Gereksinimli Bireyler ve İnsani Yardım. 1. Baskı. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri; 2025. p.6-14.
Article Language: TR
ÖZET
Türkiye, coğrafi konumu, iklim şartları ve tektonik yapısıyla afetlere sıkça maruz kalan bir ülkedir. Türkiye'nin stratejik konumu, bazı krizlerden ve olaylardan etkilenmesine neden olmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, ülkenin afet risklerini anlamak, hem toplum sağlığı ve güvenliğini hem de ekonomik yapıyı koruyabilmek adına büyük önem taşımaktadır. Türkiye'nin en yaygın afet türü depremdir. Kuzey Anadolu Fay Hattı üzerindeki yerleşim bölgeleri büyük risk altındadır. Ayrıca, ülkenin çeşitli bölgelerinde sel, heyelan ve orman yangınları gibi afetler de sıklıkla yaşanmaktadır. Sel olayları, altyapı yetersizlikleri ve iklim değişikliği ile daha sık hale gelmektedir. Heyelanlar ise dağlık alanlarda yerleşimlerin yoğunlaşmasıyla daha büyük tehlike arz etmektedir. Orman yangınları sıcak yaz aylarında, özellikle güney bölgelerde, iklim değişikliği ve insan faktörleriyle tetiklenerek büyük çevresel zararlara yol açmaktadır. Orta Doğu'daki politik istikrarsızlık, iç savaşlar, Türkiye'ye göç akınlarına, sınır güvenliği ve terörizm gibi problemlere yol açmıştır. Tüm bu olayların etkileri, etkili afet yönetimi, erken uyarı sistemleri ve toplumsal farkındalığın artırılmasıyla azaltılabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Türkiye; afetler; depremler; seller; toprak kaymaları
ABSTRACT
Türkiye is a country that is frequently exposed to disasters due to its geographical location, climate conditions and tectonic structure. Türkiye's strategic location causes it to be affected by certain crises and events. In this context, understanding the country's disaster risks is of great importance in order to protect both public health and safety and the economic structure. The most common type of disaster in Türkiye is earthquakes. The settlements on the North Anatolian Fault Line are at great risk. In addition, disasters such as floods, landslides and forest fires are frequently experienced in various parts of the country. Floods are becoming more frequent due to inadequate infrastructure and climate change. Landslides pose a greater danger due to the concentration of settlements in mountainous areas. Forest fires are triggered by climate change and human factors in the hot summer months, especially in the southern regions, and cause great environmental damage. Political instability in the Middle East has led to civil wars, migration flows to Türkiye, border security and terrorism. The effects of all these events can be reduced with effective disaster management, early warning systems and increasing public awareness.

Keywords: Türkiye; disasters; earthquakes; floods; landslides

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30.03.2014

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