Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Health Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Türkiye'deki Bebek ve Devam Formüllerinin Enerji ve Besin Ögeleri İçeriklerinin ve Bazı Etiket Bilgilerinin Değerlendirilmesi
The Assessment of the Energy and Nutrients Contents and Some Label Information of the Infant and Follow-on Formulas in Turkey
Esra TUNÇERa, Aylin BAYINDIR GÜMÜŞa, Alev KESERa
aAnkara Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Beslenme ve Diyetetik ABD, Ankara, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Health Sci. 2021;6(3):409-17
doi: 10.5336/healthsci.2020-77808
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Amaç: Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'de bulunan bebek ve devam formüllerinin enerji ve besin değerinin, 'Türk Gıda Kodeksi Bebek Formülleri ve Devam Formülleri Tebliği (Tebliğ No: 2019/14)'ne göre değerlendirilmesi ve olgun anne sütü ile karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Ocak 2020 ve Şubat 2020 tarihleri arasında ticari olarak satılan bebek ve devam formüllerinin etiketleri incelenmiştir. Etiketlerine göre 0-6 ay arası bebekler için önerilen formüller 'bebek formülleri', 6. aydan itibaren önerilenler ise 'devam formülleri' olarak sınıflanmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışma kapsamında 8 markada, 34 adet formül incelenmiştir. Bunların %35,3'ü 0-6 ay bebekler, %35,3'ü 6-12 aylık bebekler, %29,4'ü 1 yaş ve üzeri çocuklar için önerilmektedir. Formüllerin çoğu (%94,1) inek sütü bazlı olup, organik değildir (%91,2). Bebek ve devam formüllerinin sırasıyla %100 ve %50'sinin D vitamini; %25 ve %31,8'inin folik asit; %100 ve %95,5'inin selenyum miktarının mevzuatta önerilenden daha düşük olduğu saptanmıştır. Bebek formülleri ile anne sütünün enerji ve besin ögesi içeriği kıyaslandığında, anne sütünde toplam enerji, yağ ve B12 vitamini daha yüksek iken (p<0,05); protein, A vitamini, D vitamini, E vitamini, K vitamini, B1 vitamini, B2 vitamini, B3 vitamini, folik asit, B6 vitamini, C vitamini, kalsiyum, sodyum, potasyum, demir, çinko bebek formülünde daha yüksektir (p<0,05). Sonuç: Bu çalışmada, ticari olarak satılan bebek ve devam formüllerinin enerji ve makro besin ögeleri açısından genel olarak tebliğe uygun olduğu saptanmıştır. Ancak mikro besin ögelerine yönelik iyileştirmenin tebliğde yer alan kriterler doğrultusunda sağlanması yararlı olacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Bebek formülü; devam formülü; bebek beslenmesi; besin etiketi; anne sütü
ABSTRACT
 Objective: To evaluate energy and nutritional value of infant and follow-on formulas in Turkey according to 'Turkish Food Codex Infant Formulas and Follow-on Formulas Communique (Communique No: 2019/14)' and to compare with mature breast milk. Material and Methods: Food labels of commercially available infant and follow-on formulas were examined between January-February 2020. According to the labels, those recommended for babies between ages of 0-6 months were classified as 'infant formulas', those recommended to 6 months or older were classified as 'follow-on formulas'. Results: 34 formulas in 8 brands were examined. 35.3% of these are recommended for 0-6 months babies, 35.3% for 6-12 months, 29.4% for children aged ≥1 year. Most of the formulas (94.1%) are based on cow milk and not organic (91.2%). Vitamin D content in 100% of infant and 50% of follow on; folic acid content in 25% of infant and 31.8% of follow on; selenium content in 100% of infant and 95.5% of follow on formulas found to be lower than recommended in the communique. Total energy, fat, vitamin B12 amounts were higher in breast milk (p<0.05); protein, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, folic acid, vitamin B6, vitamin C, calcium, sodium, potassium, iron, zinc amounts were higher in infant formulas (p<0.05). Conclusion: Commercially available infant and follow-on formulas were found to be generally suitable for the communique in terms of energy and macronutrients. However, it would be beneficial to improve micronutrients in line with the criteria in the communique.

Keywords: Infant formula; follow-on formula; infant nutrition; food label; breast milk
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