Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Nursing Sciences

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Türkiye'de Kronik Hastalığı Olan Erişkinlere Uygulanan Motivasyonel Görüşmeler: Hemşirelik Alanındaki Lisansüstü Tezlerinin Retrospektif İncelemesi
Motivational Interviews Applied to Adults with Chronic Disease in Türkiye: A Retrospective Analysis of Postgraduate Theses in Nursing
Kübra İNCİRKUŞa
aTrakya Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Halk Sağlığı Hemşireliği ABD, Edirne, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Nurs Sci. 2024;16(1):122-8
doi: 10.5336/nurses.2023-98071
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Amaç: Retrospektif tanımlayıcı tipte planlanan bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye'de kronik hastalığı olan erişkin bireylere uygulanan motivasyonel görüşmelerin, hemşirelik alanında yapılan lisansüstü tez çalışmalarının sayısal ve metodolojik özellikleri açısından incelenmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışma kapsamında Türkiye Yükseköğretim Kurulu Ulusal Tez Merkezi veri tabanında erişime açık olan ve tam metnine ulaşılabilen hemşirelik alanındaki yüksek lisans ve doktora tezleri Şubat-Nisan 2023 tarihleri arasında tarandı. Dâhil edilme kriterlerine uygun olan 22 lisansüstü tez, araştırmacı tarafından oluşturulan anket formu ile incelendi. Elde edilen veriler SPSS v21 programında tanımlayıcı analizlerle (sayı, yüzde, minimum, maksimum, ortalama, standart sapma) değerlendirildi. Bulgular: İncelenen tezlerin en fazla 2016 yılında yayımlandığı, çoğunluğunun doktora düzeyinde (%72,2), deneysel tasarım tipinde (%81,8) ve diyabetli bireylerde (%36,4) yürütüldüğü ve motivasyonel görüşme uygulamalarının etkili olduğu (%100) bulundu. Sonuç kriteri olarak en fazla öz-etkililik düzeyi (%13,4) değerlendirilirken, lisansüstü tezlerin çoğunluğu hemşirelik ana bilim dalında (%31,8) yapıldığı görüldü. Tezlerin örneklem büyüklüğü 64,41±3,69 ve izlem süresi 3,87±2,08 aydı. Sonuç: Çalışma kapsamında değerlendirilen tezlerinin tamamında motivasyonel görüşme uygulamalarının öz-etkililiği artırma, metabolik kontrol ve sağlıklı davranış geliştirme başta olmak üzere incelenen sonuç kriterlerini iyileştirmede etkili olduğu görülmektedir. Ancak tezlerin çoğunda örneklem küçüklüğü ve kısa izlem süreleri sınırlılık olarak bildirilmekteydi. Bu kapsamda, kronik hastalığı olan bireylere uygulanan motivasyonel görüşmelerin; hastalık yönetimi, davranış değişimi ve bakım sonuçlarının iyileştirilmesindeki etkinliğini değerlendirmede, büyük örneklem gruplarında ve uzun dönemli izlemleri kapsayan ileri çalışmalar önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Kronik hastalık; hemşirelik; motivasyonel görüşme; lisansüstü eğitim
ABSTRACT
 Objective: The aim of this retrospective descriptive study is to examine the use of motivational interviews applied to adults with chronic diseases in postgraduate thesis studies conducted in the field of nursing in terms of number and methodological features in Türkiye. Material and Methods: In the study, master's and doctoral theses in the field of nursing, which are accessible and full text of which can be accessed in the database of National Thesis Center of the Turkish Council of Higher Education, were searched between February and April 2023. Twenty two postgraduate theses, which met the inclusion criteria, were examined with the questionnaire form created by the researcher. The obtained data were evaluated with descriptive analyzes (number, percentage, minimum, maximum, mean, standard deviation) in SPSS v21 program. Results: It was found that the most of the examined theses were published in 2016, most of them were at doctorate level (72.2%), experimental design (81.8%) and individuals with diabetes (36.4%), and motivational interviewing practices were effective (100%). While the highest level of self-efficacy (13.4%) was evaluated as the outcome criterion, it was seen that the majority of postgraduate theses were made in the nursing department (31.8%). The sample size of the theses was 64.41±3.69 and the follow-up period was 3.87±2.08 months. Conclusion: In the theses evaluated in the study, it was seen that motivational interviewing practices were effective in improving the outcome criteria examined, especially increasing self-efficacy, metabolic control and healthy behavior development. However, small sample size and short follow-up periods were reported in theses. In this context, further studies with large sample groups and long-term followups are recommended to evaluate the effectiveness of motivational interviews applied to individuals with chronic diseases in disease management, behavior change and improvement of care outcomes.

Keywords: Chronic disease; nursing; motivational interviewing; graduate education
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