Blood Banking and Transfusion

Türkiye'de Kan Temini ve Türk Kızılay: Dün-Bugün-Yarın
Blood Supply in Turkey and the Turkish Red Crescent: Yesterday-Today-Tomorrow
Aziz KARACAa, Levent SAĞDURa, Kerem KINIKb,c
aTürk Kızılay Kan Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara, TÜRKİYE
bSağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Hamidiye Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Acil Yardım ve Afet Yönetimi ABD, İstanbul, TÜRKİYE
cSağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Kan Bankacılığı ve Transfüzyon Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi, İstanbul, TÜRKİYE
Karaca A, Sağdur L, Kınık K. Türkiye'de kan temini ve Türk Kızılay: Dün-bugün-yarın. Ceran N, editör. Kan Bankacılığı ve Transfüzyon. 1. Baskı. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri; 2021. p.14-9.
Article Language: TR
ÖZET
 Tıp alanındaki hızlı gelişmelere rağmen, tam anlamı ile kanın yerini tutacak bir kaynak üretilememiştir. Böylece kan, 'tek kaynağı insan olan yaşamsal bir ilaç' olma özelliğini korumaktadır. Bu nedenle, kan ihtiyacı ve kan bağışı konusunda toplumun bilinçlendirilmesi önem arz etmektedir. Güvenli kan transfüzyonunun temeli 'güvenli bağışçıya' dayanmaktadır. Gönüllü, düzenli ve karşılık beklemeyen kan bağışçısından alınan kanların, kan transfüzyonuyla bulaşan enfeksiyon riski açısından güvenilir olduğu bilimsel çalışmalarla ispat edilmiştir. Dr. James Blundell'ın 1818 yılında bir insandan diğerine kan transfüzyonu yapmasıyla başlayan transfüzyon sürecini daha sonrasında 1825-1830 yılları arasında beşi başarılı olan 10 transfüzyon, 1849 yılında da İngiltere'de toplam 44 transfüzyon takip etmiştir. Ülkemizde de kan transfüzyonu ile ilgili ilk çalışmalar 1921 yılında Prof. Dr. Burhanettin Toker tarafından başlatılmış olup, Cerrahpaşa Tıp Fakültesi'nde, 1938 yılında ilk transfüzyon gerçekleşmiştir. O yıllarda kan bağışı faaliyetleri hastaneler bünyesinde yer alan kan merkezleri ve kan istasyonlarında yürütülmekteydi. 1953 yılında Türkiye Kızılay Derneği Kongresinde Kan Yardım Teşkilatının kurulması kararının alınmasını takiben, gerekli hazırlık aşaması sonrasında 1957 yılında Ankara ve İstanbul'da eş zamanlı olarak kurulan ilk modern Kızılay Kan Merkezleri ile kan bankacılığı alanında hizmet verilmeye başlanmıştır. Günümüze kadar gönüllü, düzenli ve karşılık beklemeyen kan bağışçılarından 'güvenli kan temini' ile kan bankacılığı, kök hücre ve plazma fraksinasyon alanlarında en ileri teknolojik imkânlarla hizmetlerini sürdürmekte olan Türkiye Kızılay Derneği olarak; Sağlık Bakanlığımızın vatandaşlarına sunduğu hücre ve doku bankacılığı (biyobankacılık) hizmetlerinde de faaliyet göstermek ileriki yıllar için planlarımız dâhilindedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Türk Kızılay; kan bankaları; kan güvenliği; plazma; fraksinasyon; kök hücreler
ABSTRACT
 Despite the rapid developments in the field of medicine, a source that can full replace the blood has not been produced, yet. Thus, blood preserves its feature as 'a vital medicine whose only source is human'. Therefore, it is important to raise awareness of the society about the need for blood and blood donation. The basis of safe blood transfusion is based on 'safe donor'. It has been proven by scientific studies that the bloo taken from a voluntary, regular and non-remunerated blood donor is reliable in terms of the risk of infection transmitted by blood transfusion. The transfusion process started with Dr. James Blundell performing blood transfusion from one person to another in 1818, was followed by 10 transfusions, five of which were successful between 1825 and 1830, and a total of 44 transfusions in England in 1849. Prof. Dr. Burhanettin Toker performed the first studies on blood transfusion in our country in 1921 and the first transfusion put in to practice in 1938 at Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty. In those years, the blood donation activities were carried out in blood centres and blood stations structered in hospitals. Following the decision to establish the Blood Aid Organization at the Turkish Red Crescent Society Congress in 1953, after the necessary preparation phase, the first modern Red Crescent Blood Centers, which were established simultaneously in Ankara and Istanbul in 1957, started to provide services in the field of blood banking. As the Turkish Red Crescent Society, which has been providing its services with the most advanced technological opportunities in the fields of "safe blood supply" and blood banking, stem cell and plasma fractionation from voluntary, regular and non-remunerated blood donors; It is within our plans for the following years to operate in cell and tissue banking (biobanking) services offered by the Ministry of Health to its citizens.

Keywords: Turkish Red Crescent; blood banks; blood safety; plasma; fractionation; stem cells

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