Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Gerontology

.: REVIEW
Türkiye'de Demografik Gelişmelerin Sonuçları ve Yaşlılıkta Bakım Problemi: Geleneksel Derleme
The Consequences of Demographic Developments in Türkiye and the Care Problem in Old Age: Traditional Review
İsmail TUFANa, Saadet TİRYAKİa, Murat DOĞANa, Süheyla SÖNMEZa, Ahmet AYTEPEa, Şule Sidrenur ÖZTÜRKb
aAkdeniz Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Gerontoloji Bölümü, Antalya, Türkiye
bT.C. İbradı Belediyesi, Antalya, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Gerontol. 2022;1(1):9-19
doi: 10.5336/jgeront.2022-88300
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Türkiye'nin nüfus yapısı, demografik dönüşüm süreci içinde hızla değişmektedir. Doğumda beklenen yaşam süresinin artışı ve yaşlılık dönemine yeni yaşam yıllarının eklenişi, yaşlı nüfusun toplam nüfus içindeki oranını hızla artırmaktadır. Yaşlıların çoğalması, yaşam koşullarında sağlanan iyileşmelerin sonucudur. Uzayan yaşlılık dönemi, yaşlılar için bazı riskleri de beraberinde getirmektedir. İleri yaşlarda giderek daha fazla kişi bakıma muhtaç hâle gelmekte; bu durum, yaşlılar kadar ailelerini de olumsuz etkilemektedir. Bakıma muhtaçlık riski, kaygı verici yaşlılık sorunlarından biridir. Sağlığın bozulması ve hastalığın ortaya çıkması her zaman bakıma muhtaçlıkla sonuçlanmaz. Benzer şekilde, yalnızca yaşın ilerlemesi de bakıma muhtaçlık nedeni değildir. Dolayısıyla yaşlanmayı, hastalık ve bakıma muhtaçlık kategorilerine indirgemeden, yaşlanma sürecini iyileştirmeye yönelik girişimler devam etmelidir. Ancak bakıma muhtaçlık ortaya çıktığında, bakımın, bireyin onuru ve refahını koruyacak, ailesinin ve sosyal çevresinin desteklenmesini sağlayacak özelliklerde olması önemlidir. Bunun insani, ahlaki ve dinî anlamlarının yanı sıra medeni, iktisadi ve siyasi anlamları vurgulanmalıdır. Bakıma muhtaçlık, sosyal refahı sağlama ve sosyal eşitsizlikleri ortadan kaldırma işlevlerini yüklenmiş sosyal devletlerin bir sorunudur ve bu sorun, ülkemizde giderek büyümektedir. Bu sorunun, bakıma muhtaç kişi ve bakım verenlerle birlikte kapsamlı bir şekilde ele alınarak sistemli ve kalıcı çözümler üretilmesi, demografik gelişmelere göre artık bir zorunluluktur. Türkiye yaşlanmaktadır, 2023 yılında 100. yaşını dolduracak ve 'asırlık' bir devlet olacaktır. Yaşlanan Türkiye'nin yaşlılığın önemli sorunlarından biri olan bakıma muhtaçlığa yönelik etkin sosyal politikalara ihtiyacı her geçen gün artmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, öncelikle demografik gelişmelerin yaşlılığa ilişkin sonuçları incelenmekte; ardından, yaşlılık ve yaşlılıkta bakıma muhtaçlık konusu ele alınmaktadır. Bakım problemi ve spesifik olarak yaşlı bakımının farklı boyutları tartışılmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Nüfus dinamikleri; yaşlı; bakım standardı
ABSTRACT
 The population structure of Türkiye has been changing rapidly in the process of demographic transformation. The increase in life expectancy at birth and the addition of new life years to old age rapidly increase the proportion of the elderly population. The increasing number of the elderly results from the improvements provided in living conditions. The prolonged aging period leads to some risks for the elderly. In advanced ages, more people become in need of care, which adversely affects their families as well. The risk of need for care is one of the worrisome old age problems. Deterioration of health and emergence of disease do not always result in need for care. Similarly, aging is not the only reason for needing for care. Therefore, the attempts to improve the aging process should be carried on without reducing the aging to disease and care categories. However; when the need of care arises, it is important the care to be of such characteristics as protecting the honor and well-being of the individual and supporting the family and social environment. Its humanistic, moral, religious, civil, economic and political meanings should be emphasized. The need for care is a problem of the social state and has been growing increasingly. According to demographic developments, it is a necessity to deal with this problem comprehensively together with the people in need of care and caregivers and to produce systematic and permanent solutions. Türkiye is getting older, it will turn 100 in 2023 and it will be a 'centenarian' state. The need for effective social policies towards the need for care, one of the important problems of aging, is increasing day by day in aging Türkiye.

Keywords: Population dynamics; aged; standard of care
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-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

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