Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Nursing Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Türk Hemşirelerinde Kas-İskelet Sistemi Rahatsızlıkları: Sistematik Derleme
Musculoskeletal System Disorders in the Turkish Nurses: The Systematic Review
Eylül Gülnur ERDOĞANa, Özlem ÖRSALb
aHemşirelik Bölümü, Halk Sağlığı Hemşireliği ABD, Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü,
bHemşirelik Bölümü, Halk Sağlığı Hemşireliği ABD, Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi,
Eskişehir, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Nurs Sci. 2019;11(3):262-72
doi: 10.5336/nurses.2018-64391
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Amaç: Bu sistematik derlemenin amacı, Türk hemşirelerinde kas iskelet sistemi rahatsızlıklarını belirlemektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışma, PubMed, EBSCO Host, ULAKBİM Tıp Veri Tabanı ve Google Akademi taranarak yürütülmüştür. İngilizce anahtar kelimeler için ?Medical Subject Headings?, Türkçe anahtar kelimeler için ise ?Türkiye Bilim Terimleri? dizinlerine bakılmıştır. Konuyla ilgili 2.575 çalışma incelenmiştir. Araştırmaya dâhil edilme kriterlerine uygun toplam yedi yayın çalışma kapsamına alınmış ve karşılaştırma, sınırlılık ve sonuçlar açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Bu sistematik derlemede; üçü tanımlayıcı, üçü kesitsel ve biri ise tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel araştırma desenindeki araştırmalarda en az 120 en fazla 2.400 hemşire ile çalışılmıştır. Derlemeye dâhil edilme kriterlerini; Türk hemşirelerinde kas-iskelet sistemi rahatsızlıklarını belirten, yıl ve dil sınırlaması olmayan tüm çalışmalar oluşturmaktadır. Bulgular: Çalışmalardan yedisinde %12,1-69,0?ının bel, beşinde %30,3-54,0?ının boyun, beşinde %17,8-46,0?ının omuz, beşinde %12,1-56,2?sinin sırt, üçünde %12,2-64,4?ünün bacak, ikisinde %10,4-14,6?sının kol, birinde %9,6?sının el/el bileği, birinde %35?inin diz ağrısı yaşadığı bildirilmektedir. Derlemelerde kas-iskelet sistemi rahatsızlığına etki eden faktörler; çalışma yılı, çalışılan birim, iş yükü, duruş pozisyonları, yaş, eğitim, çalışma şekli, işten ayrılma, görev değişikliği, ilaç kullanma, rapor alma ve iş kazasıdır. Sonuç: Bu sistematik derlemede, 2001 yılından itibaren yedi çalışmaya ulaşılmış olması, tüm vücut bölümlerini ele alan çalışmaların çoğunluğunun tanımlayıcı olması hemşirelerde kas iskelet sistemi rahatsızlıklarıyla yapılan çalışmaların yetersizliğini ortaya çıkarmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Kas iskelet hastalıkları; kas iskelet ağrısı; hemşirelik
ABSTRACT
 Objective: The aim of this systematic review is to determine musculoskeletal system disorders in Turkish nurses. Material and Methods: The study was conducted by scanning the PubMed, EBSCO Host, ULAKBİM Medical Database and Google Academy. For the English keywords ?Medical Subject Headings? and Turkish key words, the ?Turkish Science Terms? directories are examined. 2.575 studies on the subject were examined. A total of seven publications were included in the study and evaluated in terms of comparison, limitations and results. In this systematic review, three identifiers, three of which were cross-sectional and one of the descriptive and cross-sectional research patterns, were studied with at least 120 and a maximum of 2.400 nurses. Inclusion criteria; Turkish nurses constitute all the studies indicating the problems of musculoskeletal system, without year and language limitation. Results: In seven of the studies, the back of 12.1-69% of the waist, 5% of the neck of 30.3-54.0%, 5 of 17.8-46.0 in the shoulder, 5% of 12.1-56.2, on 3, 64.4% of the leg, 2% of the arm of 10.4-14.6%, the hand/wrist of 9.6% in 1, 35% of the knee pain in 1 is reported to have lived. Factors affecting musculoskeletal system discomfort in the assemblies; Working year, work unit, workload, posture positions, age, education, work style, severance, task change, drug use, report retrieval and work accident. Conclusion: In this systematic review, seven studies have been reached since 2001, and the majority of the works taking over all body parts are descriptive of the work carried out with the musculoskeletal disorders of the nurses.

Keywords: Musculoskeletal diseases; musculoskeletal pain; nursing
REFERENCES:
  1. The European Musculoskeletal Conditions Surveillance and Information Network (EUMUSC) Musculoskeletal health in Europe report v5.0. http://www.eumusc.net /myUpload Data/files/Musculoskeletal Health in Europe Report v5. Erişim tarihi: 7 Temmuz 2018.
  2. Violante FS, Farioli A, Graziosi F, Marinelli F, Curti S, Armstrong TJ, et al. Carpal tunnel syndrome and manual work: the OCTOPUS cohort, results of a ten-year longitudinal study. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2016;42(4): 280-90. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  3. Madeleine P, Vangsgaard S, Hviid Andersen J, Ge HY, Arendt-Nielsen L. Computer work and self-reported variables on anthropometrics, computer usage, work ability, productivity, pain, and physical activity. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2013;14:226. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  4. Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health. Türkiye Kas ve İskelet Sistemi Hastalıkları Önleme ve Kontrol Programı (2015-2020). Yayın No: 1013. Ankara: Anıl Reklam Matbaa Ltd. Şti; 2015. p.58.
  5. Uz Tunçay S, Yeldan İ. [Is physical inactivity associated with musculoskeletal disorders?]. AĞRI. 2013;25(4):147-55. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  6. Irastorza X, Milczarek M, Cockburn W, European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (EU-OSHA). Second European Survey of Enterprises on New and Emerging Risks (ESENER-2) Overview Report: Managing Safety and Health at Work European Risk Observatory. EU-OSHA-European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, 2016. https://osha.europa.eu/en/tools-and-publications/publications/second-european-survey-enterprises-new-and-emerging-risks-esener |
  7. Berk M, Önal B, Güven R, Çalışma ve Sosyal Güvenlik Bakanlığı, İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Genel Müdürlüğü (İSGGM). Meslek Hastalıkları Rehberi. Ankara: Matsa Basımevi; 2011. p.479.
  8. Ribeiro T, Serranheira F, Loureiro H. Work related musculoskeletal disorders in primary health care nurses. Appl Nurs Res. 2017;33:72-7. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  9. Freimann T, Coggon D, Merisalu E, Animagi L, Pääsuke M. Risk factors for musculoskeletal pain amongst nurses in Estonia: a cross-sectional study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2013;14:334. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  10. Niskanen T, Naumanen P, Hirvonen ML. An evaluation of EU legislation concerning risk assessment and preventive measures in occupational safety and health. Appl Ergon. 2012;43(5):829-42. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  11. Chiou ST, Chiang JH, Huang N, Wu CH, Chien LY. Health issues among nurses in Taiwanese hospitals: national survey. Int J Nurs Stud. 2013;50(10):1377-84. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  12. Tokur Kesgin M, Kublay G. [The evaluation of healthy problems caused from working conditions and life habits of nurses that working in a private hospital]. Hacettepe University Faculty of Health Sciences Nursing Journal. 2011;41-9.
  13. Cebeci H. [Work-related accidents and employee safety in the hospitals: an application at Karabuk city centre]. Uluslararası İşletme ve Yönetim Dergisi. 2013;1(1):62-82. [Crossref] 
  14. CRD, University of York. Systematic Reviews. CRD's guidance for undertaking reviews in health care. 3. baskı. Hallfield Rd York: York Publishing Services Ltd; 2009. p.277.
  15. Tezel A. Musculoskeletal complaints among a group of Turkish nurses. Int J Neurosci. 2005;115(6):871-80. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  16. Pınar R. Work-related musculoskeletal disorders in turkish hospital nurses. Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci. 2010;30(6):1869-75. [Crossref] 
  17. Ergüney S, Tan M, Sivrikaya S, Erdem N. [Occupational risks that nurses face]. Atatürk Üniv. Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi. 2001;4(1):63-73.
  18. Yılmaz E, Özkan S. [The evaluation of health problems and life habits of nurses who works in a district]. Fırat Sağlık Hizmetleri Dergisi. 2006;1(3):82-99.
  19. Gül A, Üstündağ H, Kahraman B, Purisa S. [Evaluation of musculoskeletal pain among nurses]. HSP. 2014;1(1):1-10. [Crossref] 
  20. Sezgin D, Esin MN. Predisposing factors for musculoskeletal symptoms in intensive care unit nurses. Int Nurs Rev. 2015;62(1):92-101. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  21. Borenstein D. [Romatizmal hastalığı olan hastaya yaklaşım]. In: Imboden J, Hellman DB, Stone JH, eds. Arasıl T, çeviri editörü. 1. baskı. Current Romatoloji Tanı ve Tedavi. Ankara: Güneş Kitabevi; 2006. p.504.
  22. Devin C, Sillay K, Cheng J. Neck pain. In: Firestein GS, Budd RC, Harris ED, et al., eds. Kelley's Textbook of Rheumatology. 8th ed. Edinburgh; Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders; 2008. p.571-86. [Crossref] 
  23. van der Windt DA, Koes BW, de Jong BA, Bouter LM. Shoulder disorders in general practice: incidence, patient characteristics, and management. Ann Rheum Dis. 1995;54(12):959-64. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  24. Moradi A, Ebrahimzadeh MH, Ring D. Nonspecific arm pain. Arch Bone Jt Surg. 2013;1(2):53-8.
  25. Hadler MN. Nerve entrapment syndromes. In: Koopman JW, Moreland WL, eds. Arthritis and Allied Conditions. A Textbook of Rheumatology. 15th ed. Baltimore: Lippincott Williams Wilkins; 2005. p.2109-16.
  26. Lewis LC, Mireles DZ. Occupational health hazard: carpal tunnel syndrome. Semin Perioper Nurs. 1997;6(2):105-10.
  27. Cooper G, Tatli Y, Lutz GE. Spine and musculoskeletal medicine. In: Cooper G, ed. Essential Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 1. Baskı. Humana Press: New Jersey; 2006. p.249-85. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  28. Trinkoff AM, Lipscomb JA, Geiger-Brown J, Storr CL, Brady BA. Perceived physical demands and reported musculoskeletal problems in registered nurses. Am J Prev Med. 2003;24(3):270-5. [Crossref] 
  29. Alexopoulos EC, Burdorf A, Kalokerinou A. Risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders among nursing personel in Greek hospitals. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2003;76(4): 289-94.
  30. Roupa Z, Vassilopoulos Α, Sotiropoulou P, Makrinika E, Νoula Μ, Faros E, et al. The problem of lower back pain in nursing staff and its effect on human activity. HSJ. 2008;2(4): 219-25.
  31. Mitchell T, O'Sullivan PB, Burnett AF, Straker L, Rudd C. Low back pain characteristics from undergraduate student to working nurse in Australia: a cross-sectional survey]. Int J Nurs Stud. 2008;45(11):1636-44. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  32. Karahan A, Bayraktar N. Determination of the usage of body mechanics in clinical settings and the occurrence of low back pain in nurses. Int J Nurs Stud. 2004;41(1):67-75. [Crossref] 
  33. Smedley J, Egger P, Cooper C, Coggon D. Prospective cohort study of predictors of ıncident low back pain in nurses. BMJ. 1997;314(7089):1225-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  34. Fredericson M, Wun C. Differential diagnosis of leg pain in the athlete. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 2003;93(4):321-4. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  35. Louw JA. The differential diagnosis of neurogenic and referred leg pain. SA Orthopaedic Journal Winter. 2014;13(2):17-30.
  36. Huddleston JI, Goodman SB. Hip and knee pain. In: Firestein GS, Budd RC, Harris ED, et al., eds. Kelley's Textbook of Rheumatology. 8th ed. Elsevier: Philadelphia 2008. p.524-9.
  37. Ko YJ, Kim YT, Kim DDJ. Problem oriented history taking and physical examination of patients with foot pain. Phys Med Rehabil. 2001;15(3):439-56.
  38. Aydın AT. Ayak Bileği Artroskopisinin tarihsel gelişimi. In: Aydın AT, editör. Ayak Bileği Artroskopisi. Antalya: Orkun Ozan Medya Hiz. AŞ; 2009. p.42-4.
  39. Kılıç D, Karabulut N, Köse S. [Study of professionel risk health problems and preventive behaviours of nurses]. MN Dahili Tıp Bilimleri. 2008;3(1):32-9.
  40. Leung AS, Chang LM. Organizational downsizing: psychological impact on surviving managers in Hong Kong. Asia Pacific Business Review. 2002;8(3):76-94. [Crossref] 
  41. Ashfaq S, Mahmood Z, Ahmad M. Impact of work-life conflict and work over load on employee performance in banking sector of Pakistan. Middle-East J Sci Res. 2013;14(5): 688-95.
  42. O'Brien-Pallas L, Duffield C, Murphy GT, Birch S, Meyer R. Nursing workforce planning: mapping the policy trail. Issue 2. In The Global Nursing Review Initiative Geneva. International Council of Nurses. 2005.
  43. Carayon P, Gurses AP. Nursing Workload and Patient Safety-A Human Factors Engineering Perspective. In: Hughes RG, editor. Patient Safety and Quality: An Evidence-Based Handbook for Nurses. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2008 Apr. Chapter 30.
  44. Top M, Gider Ö, Taş Y, Çimen S. [Physicians' assessments about casual factors of medical errors: a field study from Kocaeli province]. Hacettepe Sağlık İdaresi Dergisi. 2009;11(2): 166-70.
  45. Demirgöz Bal M. [Nursing manpower planning approaches in hospital]. Sağlık ve Hemşirelik Yönetim Dergisi. 2014;3(1):148-50. [Crossref] 
  46. Esen H, Fığlalı N. [Working posture analysis methods and the effects of working posture on musculoskeletal disorders]. SU J Sci. 2013;17(1):41-51. [Crossref] 
  47. Lu JM, Twu LJ, Wang MJJ. Risk assessments of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among the TFT-LCD manufacturing operators. Int J Ind Ergon. 2016;52:40-51. [Crossref] 
  48. Goswami S, Ghosh S, Sahu S. Evaluation of ergonomic risk factors in manual patient handling tasks of Indian nurses. Ergonomics SA. 2017;29(1):2-10. [Crossref] 
  49. Soyuer F, Soyuer A. [Older adults and physical activity]. İnönü Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi. 2008;15(3):219-24.
  50. Meeks-Sjostrom D, Lopuszynski SA, Bairan A. The wisdom of retaining experienced nurses at the bedside: a pilot study examining a minimal lift program and its impact on reducing patient movement related injuries of bedside nurses. Medsurg Nurs. 2010;19(4): 233-6.
  51. Gupta S. Ergonomic applications to dental practice. Indian J Dent Res. 2011;22(6):816-22. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  52. Şirzai H, Doğu B, Erdem P, Yılmaz F, Kuran B. [Work-related musculoskeletal diseases in hospital workers: upper extremity problems]. The Medical Bulletin of Şişli Etfal Hospital. 2015;49(2):135-41. [Crossref] 
  53. Cımbız A, Uzgören N, Aras Ö, Öztürk S, Elem E, Aksoy CC. [Determination of musculoskeletal pain risk factors using logistic regression analysis: a pilot study]. Fizyoterapi Rehabilitasyon Dergisi. 2007;18(1):20-7.

.: Up To Date

.: Process List

Login

 Forgot your password?

 New Registration  

Contact

Ortadoğu Reklam Tanıtım Yayıncılık Turizm Eğitim İnşaat Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.

.: Address

Turkocagi Caddesi No:30 06520 Balgat / ANKARA
Phone: +90 312 286 56 56
Fax: +90 312 220 04 70
E-mail: info@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Manuscript Editing Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 2
E-mail: yaziisleri@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: English Language Redaction

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 145
E-mail: tkyayindestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Marketing Sales-Project Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 142
E-mail: reklam@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Subscription and Public Relations Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: abone@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Customer Services

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: satisdestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

1. TERMS OF USE

1.1. To use the web pages with http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name or the websites reached through the sub domain names attached to the domain name (They will be collectively referred as "SITE"), please read the conditions below. If you do not accept these terms, please cease to use the "SITE." "SITE" owner reserves the right to change the information on the website, forms, contents, the "SITE," "SITE" terms of use anytime they want.

1.2. The owner of the "SITE" is Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. (From now on it is going to be referred as "Turkiye Klinikleri", shortly) and it resides at Turkocagi cad. No:30, 06520 Balgat Ankara. The services in the "SITE" are provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.3. Anyone accessing the "SITE" with or without a fee whether they are a natural person or a legal identity is considered to agree these terms of use. In this contract hereby, "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the stated terms anytime. These changes will be published in the "SITE" periodically and they will be valid when they are published. Any natural person or legal identity benefiting from and reaching to the "SITE" are considered to be agreed to any change on hereby contract terms done by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.4. The "Terms of Use" hereby is published in the website with the last change on March 30th 2014 and the "SITE" is activated by enabling the access to everyone. The "Terms of Use" hereby is also a part of the any "USER Contract" was and/or will be done with the users using "Turkiye Klinikleri" services with or without a fee an inseparable.

2. DEFINITIONS

2.1. "SITE": A website offering different kind of services and context with a certain frame determined by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and it is accessible on-line on http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name and/or subdomains connected to the domain name.

2.2. USER: A natural person or a legal identity accessing to the "SITE" through online settings.

2.3. LINK: A link enabling to access to another website through the "SITE", the files, the context or through another website to the "SITE", the files and the context.

2.4. CONTEXT: Any visual, literary and auditory images published in the "Turkiye Klinikleri", "SITE" and/or any website or any accessible information, file, picture, number/figures, price, etc.

2.5. "USER CONTRACT": An electronically signed contract between a natural or a legal identity benefiting from special services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide and "Turkiye Klinikleri".

3. SCOPE OF THE SERVICES

3.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine the scope and quality of the services via the "SITE".

3.2. To benefit the services of "Turkiye Klinikleri" "SITE", the "USER" must deliver the features that will be specified by "Turkiye Klinikleri". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change this necessity any time single-sided.

3.3. Not for a limited number, the services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide through the "SITE" for a certain price or for free are;

- Providing scientific articles, books and informative publications for health industry.

- Providing structural, statistical and editorial support to article preparation stage for scientific journals.

4. GENERAL PROVISIONS

4.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine which of the services and contents provided in the "SITE" will be charged.

4.2. People benefiting from the services provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and using the website can use the "SITE" only according to the law and only for personal reasons. Users have the criminal and civil liability for every process and action they take in the "SITE". Every USER agrees, declares and undertakes that they will not proceed by any function or action infringement of rights of "Turkiye Klinikleri"s and/or other third parties', they are the exclusive right holder on usage, processing, storage, made public and revealing any written, visual or auditory information reported to Turkiye Klinikleri" and/or "SITE" to the third parties. "USER" agrees and undertakes that s/he will not duplicate, copy, distribute, process, the pictures, text, visual and auditory images, video clips, files, databases, catalogs and lists within the "SITE", s/he will not be using these actions or with other ways to compete with "Turkiye Klinikleri", directly or indirectly.

4.3. The services provided and the context published within the "SITE" by third parties is not under the responsibility of "Turkiye Klinikleri", institutions collaborated with "Turkiye Klinikleri", "Turkiye Klinikleri" employee and directors, "Turkiye Klinikleri" authorized salespeople. Commitment to accuracy and legality of the published information, context, visual and auditory images provided by any third party are under the full responsibility of the third party. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not promise and guarantee the safety, accuracy and legality of the services and context provided by a third party.

4.4. "USER"s cannot act against "Turkiye Klinikleri", other "USER"s and third parties by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" has no direct and/or indirect responsibility for any damage a third party suffered or will suffer regarding "USER"s actions on the "SITE" against the rules of the hereby "Terms of Use" and the law.

4.5. "USER"s accept and undertake that the information and context they provided to the "SITE" are accurate and legal. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is not liable and responsible for promising and guaranteeing the verification of the information and context transmitted to "Turkiye Klinikleri" by the "USER"s, or uploaded, changed and provided through the "SITE" by them and whether these information are safe, accurate and legal.

4.6. "USER"s agree and undertake that they will not perform any action leading to unfair competition, weakening the personal and commercial credit of "Turkiye Klinikleri" and a third party,  encroaching and attacking on personal rights within the "SITE" in accordance with the Turkish Commercial Code Law.

4.7. "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the right to change the services and the context within the "SITE"  anytime. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use this right without any notification and timelessly. "USER"s have to make the changes and/or corrections "Turkiye Klinikleri" required immediately. Any changes and/or corrections that are required by "Turkiye Klinikleri", may be made by "Turkiye Klinikleri" when needed. Any harm, criminal and civil liability resulted or will result from changes and/or corrections required by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and were not made on time by the "USER"s belongs completely to the users.

4.8. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may give links through the "SITE" to other websites and/or "CONTEXT"s and/or folders that are outside of their control and owned and run by third parties. These links are provided for ease of reference only and do not hold qualification for support the respective web SITE or the admin or declaration or guarantee for the information inside. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not hold any responsibility over the web-sites connected through the links on the "SITE", folders and context, the services or products on the websites provided through these links or their context.

4.9. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use the information provided to them by the "USERS" through the "SITE" in line with the terms of the "PRIVACY POLICY" and "USER CONTRACT". It may process the information or classify and save them on a database. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may also use the USER's or visitor's identity, address, e-mail address, phone number, IP number, which sections of the "SITE" they visited, domain type, browser type, date and time information to provide statistical evaluation and customized services.

5. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

5.1. The information accessed through this "SITE" or provided by the users legally and all the elements (including but not limited to design, text, image, html code and other codes) of the "SITE" (all of them will be called as studies tied to "Turkiye Klinikleri"s copyrights) belongs to "Turkiye Klinikleri". Users do not have the right to resell, process, share, distribute, display or give someone permission to access or to use the "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information and the products under copyright protection by "Turkiye Klinikleri". Within hereby "Terms of Use" unless explicitly permitted by "Turkiye Klinikleri" nobody can reproduce, process, distribute or produce or prepare any study from those under "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyright protection.

5.2. Within hereby "Terms of Use", "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the rights for "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information, the products associated with "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyrights, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trademarks, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trade looks or its all rights for other entity and information it has through this website unless it is explicitly authorized by "Turkiye Klinikleri".

6. CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF USE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com