Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Dental Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Trakya Bölgesi'ndeki Çocuk Hastalarda Görülen Dental Anomali Tipleri ve Prevalansları
Types and Prevalence of Dental Anomaly in Turkish Pediatric Patients of Trakya Region
Neslihan ÖZVERENa, Meltem TEKBAŞ ATAYb
aTrakya Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi, Çocuk Diş Hekimliği ABD, Edirne, TÜRKİYE
bTrakya Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi, Restoratif Diş Tedavisi ABD, Edirne, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Dental Sci. 2020;26(3):362-70
doi: 10.5336/dentalsci.2019-72596
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, Trakya Bölgesi'ndeki genel sağlık durumunda sendromu bulunmayan 6-15 yaş arası çocuk hastaların, dental anomali karakteristiklerini ve prevalanslarını saptamaktır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu kesitsel radyografik çalışma, çeşitli dental problemler nedeni ile tedavi olmak için 2015-2017 yılları arasında Trakya Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesine başvuran, 6-15 yaş arası toplam 1.759 bireyin muayeneleri amacıyla rutin olarak alınmış olan panoramik röntgen filmleri kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Dental anomaliler sayı, yapı, şekil ve pozisyon anomalileri başlıkları altında değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmaya, 3. molar dişler dâhil edilmemiştir. Bulgular: Çalışmada, dental anomali prevalansı %10,0 olarak bulunmuştur. Anomali saptanan hastaların 88 (%50)'i kız, 88 (%50)'i erkek hastadır. En sık karşılaşılan anomali tipi, sayı anomalileri olup, bunlar içinde hipodonti %5,17'lik görülme sıklığı ile en yüksek yüzdelere sahip anomali olarak saptanmıştır. Hipodontiyi sırasıyla %1,76 ve %1,59 oranları ile hiperdonti ve taurodontizm izlemektedir. Dental anomali sayısının maksillada daha sık olduğu saptanmıştır ve cinsiyetler arasında anomaliler açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık izlenmemiştir (p0,05). Sonuç: Çalışmanın bulgularına göre Trakya Bölgesi'ndeki çocuk hastalarda en sık görülen diş anomalisi hipodonti olup, en sık diş eksikliği görülen alt 2. premolar olmuştur. Dental anomalilerin sıklığı ve tipi, popülasyonlar arasında değişmektedir ve dental anomalilerin yaygınlığında ırksal faktörlerin rolü bulunmaktadır. Dijital panoramik radyografi, dental anomalilerin saptanması için yararlı bir teşhis yöntemidir. Ayrıca çocuk hastalarda, dental anomalilerin erken teşhisiyle tedavi planlamasının yapılması, ileri yaşlarda görülebilecek dental problemlerin önlenebilmesi açısından önemlidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Diş anomalileri; taurodontizm; mikrodonti; dens invaginatus; prevalans
ABSTRACT
 Objective: To investigate the prevalence and characteristics of dental anomalies (DAs); in permanent teeth among non-syndromic subjects in pediatric patients aged from 6 to 15 years of Trakya Region. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed by using panoramic x-ray films which were taken routinely for examination of 1.759 individuals between 6-15 years old who applied to Trakya University Faculty of Dentistry between 2015-2017 due to various dental problems. Dental anomalies were evaluated under number, structure, shape and position anomalies. Third molar teeth were not included in the study. Results: The prevalence of dental anomaly was found to be 10.0% in our study population. 88 (50%) of the patients with anomalies were female and 88 (50%) were male. The most common anomalies were number anomalies, and hypodontia was found to be the highest percentage anomaly with a frequency of 5.17%. It was followed by hyperdontia and taurodontism with a ratio of 1.76% and 1.59% respectively. Anomalies were more common in maxilla (p0.05). Conclusion: According to the findings of our study, the most common tooth anomaly in pediatric patients of Trakya Region was hypodontia and the most frequently missing tooth was the lower second premolar. The frequency and type of tooth anomalies vary among populations and confirm the role of racial factors in the prevalence of tooth anomalies. Digital panoramic radiography is a very useful method for the detection of dental anomalies. In addition, it is important to plan treatment by determining the early diagnosis of dental anomalies in pediatric patients in order to prevent dental problems that can be seen in older ages.

Keywords: Tooth abnormalities; taurodontism; microdontia; dens invaginatus; prevalence
REFERENCES:
  1. Proffit WR, Fields Jr HW, Sarver DM. Contemporary Orthodontics. 4th ed. St. Louis: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2006. p.768.
  2. Brook AH, Jernvall J, Smith RN, Hughes TE, Townsend GC. The dentition: the outcomes of morphogenesis leading to variations of tooth number, size and shape. Aust Dent J. 2014;59 Suppl 1:131-42. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  3. Hall C, Hallett K, Manton D. The association between Cri du chat syndrome and dental anomalies. J Dent Child (Chic). 2014;81(3):171-7. [PubMed] 
  4. Lam EWN. Dental Anomalies. In: White SC, Pharoah MJ, eds. Oral Radiology: Prin­ciples and Interpretation. 6th ed. St. Louis, Mo: Mosby Elsevier; 2009. p.295-324.
  5. Jukić J, ?krinjarić I, Glavina D, Ulovec Z. The prevalence of oral and dental anomalies in children with developmental disturbances. Acta Stomat Croat. 2002;36(1):79-83.
  6. Kim MJ, Song JS, Kim YJ, Kim JW, Jang KT, Hyun HK. Clinical considerations for dental management of children with molar-root incisor malformations. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2020;44(1):55-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  7. Folayan MO, Chukwumah NM, Popoola BO, Temilola DO, Onyejaka NK, Oyedele TA, et al. Developmental defects of the enamel and its impact on the oral health quality of life of children resident in Southwest Nigeria. BMC Oral Health. 2018;18(1):160. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  8. Anthonappa RP, King NM, Rabie ABM, Mallineni SK. Reliability of panoramic radiographs for identifying supernumerary teeth in children. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2012;22(1):37-43. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  9. Akkaya N, Kiremitçi A, Kansu O. Treatment of a patient with oligodontia: a case report. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2008;9(3):121-7. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  10. Erkmen Almaz M, Şaroğlu Sönmez I, Akbay Oba A. Prevalence and distribution of developmental dental anomalies in pediatric patients. Meandros Med Dent J. 2017;18(2):130-3. [Crossref] 
  11. Aren G, Güven Y, Tolgay CG, Özcan İ, Bayar ÖF, Köse TE et al. The Prevalence of Dental Anomalies In A Turkish Population. J Istanb Univ Fac Dent. 2015;49(3):23-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  12. Ayrancı F. [Evaluation of the prevalence of congenital teeth deficiencies in the Middle Black Sea Region children]. SDÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2019;10(2):137-40.
  13. Celebi F, Taşkan MM, Turkal M, Turkal H, Holoğlu F. [Dental anomaly prevalence in Middle Black Sea population]. Cumhuriyet Dent J. 2015;18(4):343-350.
  14. Sumer AP, Akça T, Köprülü H. [Dental anomalies in children: panoramic radiographic evaluation]. Ondokuz Mayis Univ Dis Hekim Fak Derg. 2004;5(2):81-4.
  15. Uzamış M, Taner TU, Kansu Ö, Alpar R. Evaluation of dental anomalies in 6-13 year old Turkish children: a panoramic survey. J Marmara Univ Dent Fac. 2001;4:254-9.
  16. Shifman A, Chanannel I. Prevalence of taurodontism found in radiographic dental examination of 1,200 young adult Israeli patients. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1978;6(4):200-3. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  17. Chi AC, Neville BW, Damm DD, Allen C, Bouquot J. Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology. 3rd ed. London: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2008. p.985.
  18. Guttal KS, Naikmasur VG, Bhargava P, Bathi RJ. Frequency of developmental dental anomalies in the Indian population. Eur J Dent. 2010;4(3):263-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  19. Bailit HL. Dental variation among populations. An anthropologic view. Dent Clin North Am. 1975;19(1):125-39. [PubMed] 
  20. Sockalingam SNMP, Awang Talip MSAA, Zakaria ASI. Maturogenesis of an immature dens evaginatus nonvital premolar with an apically placed bioceramic material (EndoSequence Root Repair Material®): an unexpected finding. Case Rep Dent. 2018;2018:6535480. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  21. Rathva V. Ectopic enamel pearl. Clin Pract. 2012;2(2):e46. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  22. Edwards DM, Roberts GJ. Short root anomaly. Br Dent J. 1990;169(9):292-3. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  23. Kumakami-Sakano M, Otsu K, Fujiwara N, Harada H. Regulatory mechanisms of Hertwig's epithelial root sheath formation and anomaly correlated with root length. Exp Cell Res. 2014;325(2):78-82. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  24. Tulunoglu O, Cankala DU, Ozdemir RC. Talon's cusp: report of four unusual cases. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 2007;25(1):52-5. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  25. Barron MJ, McDonnell ST, Mackie I, Dixon MJ. Hereditary dentine disorders: dentinogenesis imperfecta and dentine dysplasia. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2008;3:31. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  26. Shokri A, Poorolajal J, Khajeh S, Faramarzi F, Kahnamoui HM. Prevalence of dental anomalies among 7-to 35-year-old people in Hamadan, Iran in 2012-2013 as observed using panoramic radiographs. Imaging Sci Dent. 2014;44(1):7-13. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  27. Cho SY, Chu V, Ki Y. A retrospective study on 69 cases of maxillary tooth transposition. J Oral Sci. 2012;54(2):197-203. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  28. Jang E, Lee K, An S, Song J, Ra J. Retrospective study of association between displacement of maxillary canine and tooth agenesis. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2015;39(5):488-92. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  29. Rowson J, Rees R. Tooth inversion. Br Dent J. 1991;170(9):324. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  30. Walshaw EG, Noble F, Conville R, Lawson JA, Hasmun N, Rodd H. Molar incisor hypomineralisation and dental anomalies: a random or real association? Int J Paediatr Dent. 2020;30(3):342-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  31. Laganà G, Venza N, Borzabadi-Farahani A, Fabi F, Danesi C, Cozza P. Dental anomalies: prevalence and associations between them in a large sample of non-orthodontic subjects, a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health. 2017;17(1):62. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  32. Patil S, Doni B, Kaswan S, Rahman F. Prevalence of dental anomalies in Indian population. J Clin Exp Dent. 2013;5(4):e183-6. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  33. Afify AR, Zawawi KH. The prevalence of dental anomalies in the Western region of Saudi Arabia. ISRN Dent. 2012;2012:837270. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  34. Luke AM, Kassem RK, Dehghani SN, Mathew S, Shetty K, Ali IK, Pawar AM. Prevalence of dental developmental anomalies in patients attending a Faculty of Dentistry in Ajman, United Arab Emirates. Pesq Bras Odontoped Clin Integr. 2017;17(1):1-5. [Crossref] 
  35. Saberi EA, Ebrahimipour S. Evaluation of developmental dental anomalies in digital panoramic radiographs in Southeast Iranian population. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2016;6(4):291-5. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  36. Pallikaraki G, Sifakakis I, Gizani S, Makou M, Mitsea A. Developmental dental anomalies assessed by panoramic radiographs in a Greek orthodontic population sample. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2020;21(2):223-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  37. Gupta SK, Saxena P, Jain S, Jain D. Prevalence and distribution of selected developmental dental anomalies in an Indian population. J Oral Sci. 2011;53(2):231-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  38. Temilola DO, Folayan MO, Fatusi O, Chukwumah NM, Onyejaka N, Oziegbe E, et al. The prevalence, pattern and clinical presentation of developmental dental hard-tissue anomalies in children with primary and mix dentition from Ile-Ife, Nigeria. BMC Oral Health. 2014;14:125. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  39. Rakhshan V. Congenitally missing teeth (hypodontia): a review of the literature concerning the etiology, prevalence, risk factors, patterns and treatment. Dent Res J (Isfahan). 2015;12(1):1-13. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  40. Subasioglu A, Savas S, Kucukyilmaz E, Kesim S, Yagci A, Dundar M. Genetic background of supernumerary teeth. Eur J Dent. 2015;9(1):153-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  41. Bäckman B, Wahlin YB. Variations in number and morphology of permanent teeth in 7‐year‐old Swedish children. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2001;11(1):11-7. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  42. Tulensalo T, Ranta R, Kataja M. Reliability in estimating taurodontism of permanent molars from orthopantomograms. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1989;17(5):258-62. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  43. Michelogiannakis D, Vastardis H, Melakopoulos I, Papathanasopoulou C, Tosios KI. The challenge of managing patients with generalized short root anomaly: a case report. Quintessence Int. 2018;49(8):673-9. [PubMed] 
  44. Kapdan A, Kustarci A, Buldur B, Arslan D, Kapdan A. Dental anomalies in the primary dentition of Turkish children. Eur J Dent. 2012;6(2):178-83. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  45. Aydinbelge M, Sekerci AE, Caliskan S, Gumus H, Sisman Y, Cantekin K. Clinical and radiographic evaluation of double teeth in primary dentition and associated anomalies in the permanent successors. Niger J Clin Pract. 2017;20(7):847-51. [PubMed] 
  46. Gadhia K, McDonald S, Arkutu N, Malik K. Amelogenesis imperfecta: an introduction. Br Dent J. 2012;212(8):377-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  47. Bilge NH, Yeşiltepe S, Törenek Ağırman K, Çağlayan F, Bilge OM. Investigation of prevalence of dental anomalies by using digital panoramic radiographs. Folia Morphol (Warsz). 2018;77(2):323-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 

.: Up To Date

.: Process List

Login

 Forgot your password?

 New Registration  

Contact

Ortadoğu Reklam Tanıtım Yayıncılık Turizm Eğitim İnşaat Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.

.: Address

Turkocagi Caddesi No:30 06520 Balgat / ANKARA
Phone: +90 312 286 56 56
Fax: +90 312 220 04 70
E-mail: info@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Manuscript Editing Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 2
E-mail: yaziisleri@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: English Language Redaction

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 145
E-mail: tkyayindestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Marketing Sales-Project Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 142
E-mail: reklam@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Subscription and Public Relations Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: abone@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Customer Services

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: satisdestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

1. TERMS OF USE

1.1. To use the web pages with http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name or the websites reached through the sub domain names attached to the domain name (They will be collectively referred as "SITE"), please read the conditions below. If you do not accept these terms, please cease to use the "SITE." "SITE" owner reserves the right to change the information on the website, forms, contents, the "SITE," "SITE" terms of use anytime they want.

1.2. The owner of the "SITE" is Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. (From now on it is going to be referred as "Turkiye Klinikleri", shortly) and it resides at Turkocagi cad. No:30, 06520 Balgat Ankara. The services in the "SITE" are provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.3. Anyone accessing the "SITE" with or without a fee whether they are a natural person or a legal identity is considered to agree these terms of use. In this contract hereby, "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the stated terms anytime. These changes will be published in the "SITE" periodically and they will be valid when they are published. Any natural person or legal identity benefiting from and reaching to the "SITE" are considered to be agreed to any change on hereby contract terms done by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.4. The "Terms of Use" hereby is published in the website with the last change on March 30th 2014 and the "SITE" is activated by enabling the access to everyone. The "Terms of Use" hereby is also a part of the any "USER Contract" was and/or will be done with the users using "Turkiye Klinikleri" services with or without a fee an inseparable.

2. DEFINITIONS

2.1. "SITE": A website offering different kind of services and context with a certain frame determined by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and it is accessible on-line on http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name and/or subdomains connected to the domain name.

2.2. USER: A natural person or a legal identity accessing to the "SITE" through online settings.

2.3. LINK: A link enabling to access to another website through the "SITE", the files, the context or through another website to the "SITE", the files and the context.

2.4. CONTEXT: Any visual, literary and auditory images published in the "Turkiye Klinikleri", "SITE" and/or any website or any accessible information, file, picture, number/figures, price, etc.

2.5. "USER CONTRACT": An electronically signed contract between a natural or a legal identity benefiting from special services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide and "Turkiye Klinikleri".

3. SCOPE OF THE SERVICES

3.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine the scope and quality of the services via the "SITE".

3.2. To benefit the services of "Turkiye Klinikleri" "SITE", the "USER" must deliver the features that will be specified by "Turkiye Klinikleri". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change this necessity any time single-sided.

3.3. Not for a limited number, the services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide through the "SITE" for a certain price or for free are;

- Providing scientific articles, books and informative publications for health industry.

- Providing structural, statistical and editorial support to article preparation stage for scientific journals.

4. GENERAL PROVISIONS

4.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine which of the services and contents provided in the "SITE" will be charged.

4.2. People benefiting from the services provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and using the website can use the "SITE" only according to the law and only for personal reasons. Users have the criminal and civil liability for every process and action they take in the "SITE". Every USER agrees, declares and undertakes that they will not proceed by any function or action infringement of rights of "Turkiye Klinikleri"s and/or other third parties', they are the exclusive right holder on usage, processing, storage, made public and revealing any written, visual or auditory information reported to Turkiye Klinikleri" and/or "SITE" to the third parties. "USER" agrees and undertakes that s/he will not duplicate, copy, distribute, process, the pictures, text, visual and auditory images, video clips, files, databases, catalogs and lists within the "SITE", s/he will not be using these actions or with other ways to compete with "Turkiye Klinikleri", directly or indirectly.

4.3. The services provided and the context published within the "SITE" by third parties is not under the responsibility of "Turkiye Klinikleri", institutions collaborated with "Turkiye Klinikleri", "Turkiye Klinikleri" employee and directors, "Turkiye Klinikleri" authorized salespeople. Commitment to accuracy and legality of the published information, context, visual and auditory images provided by any third party are under the full responsibility of the third party. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not promise and guarantee the safety, accuracy and legality of the services and context provided by a third party.

4.4. "USER"s cannot act against "Turkiye Klinikleri", other "USER"s and third parties by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" has no direct and/or indirect responsibility for any damage a third party suffered or will suffer regarding "USER"s actions on the "SITE" against the rules of the hereby "Terms of Use" and the law.

4.5. "USER"s accept and undertake that the information and context they provided to the "SITE" are accurate and legal. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is not liable and responsible for promising and guaranteeing the verification of the information and context transmitted to "Turkiye Klinikleri" by the "USER"s, or uploaded, changed and provided through the "SITE" by them and whether these information are safe, accurate and legal.

4.6. "USER"s agree and undertake that they will not perform any action leading to unfair competition, weakening the personal and commercial credit of "Turkiye Klinikleri" and a third party,  encroaching and attacking on personal rights within the "SITE" in accordance with the Turkish Commercial Code Law.

4.7. "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the right to change the services and the context within the "SITE"  anytime. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use this right without any notification and timelessly. "USER"s have to make the changes and/or corrections "Turkiye Klinikleri" required immediately. Any changes and/or corrections that are required by "Turkiye Klinikleri", may be made by "Turkiye Klinikleri" when needed. Any harm, criminal and civil liability resulted or will result from changes and/or corrections required by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and were not made on time by the "USER"s belongs completely to the users.

4.8. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may give links through the "SITE" to other websites and/or "CONTEXT"s and/or folders that are outside of their control and owned and run by third parties. These links are provided for ease of reference only and do not hold qualification for support the respective web SITE or the admin or declaration or guarantee for the information inside. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not hold any responsibility over the web-sites connected through the links on the "SITE", folders and context, the services or products on the websites provided through these links or their context.

4.9. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use the information provided to them by the "USERS" through the "SITE" in line with the terms of the "PRIVACY POLICY" and "USER CONTRACT". It may process the information or classify and save them on a database. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may also use the USER's or visitor's identity, address, e-mail address, phone number, IP number, which sections of the "SITE" they visited, domain type, browser type, date and time information to provide statistical evaluation and customized services.

5. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

5.1. The information accessed through this "SITE" or provided by the users legally and all the elements (including but not limited to design, text, image, html code and other codes) of the "SITE" (all of them will be called as studies tied to "Turkiye Klinikleri"s copyrights) belongs to "Turkiye Klinikleri". Users do not have the right to resell, process, share, distribute, display or give someone permission to access or to use the "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information and the products under copyright protection by "Turkiye Klinikleri". Within hereby "Terms of Use" unless explicitly permitted by "Turkiye Klinikleri" nobody can reproduce, process, distribute or produce or prepare any study from those under "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyright protection.

5.2. Within hereby "Terms of Use", "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the rights for "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information, the products associated with "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyrights, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trademarks, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trade looks or its all rights for other entity and information it has through this website unless it is explicitly authorized by "Turkiye Klinikleri".

6. CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF USE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com