Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Ethics-Law and History

.: RESEARCH
Tıp Etiği ve Hukuk Açısından Tıbbi Hata, Malpraktis ve Komplikasyon Kavramlarının Değerlendirilmesi
The Evaluation of the Concepts of Medical Error, Malpractice and Complication in Terms of Medical Ethics and Law
Mustafa Levent ÖZGÖNÜLa, Berna ARDAb, Necati DEDEOĞLUc
aTıp Tarihi ve Etik AD, Akdeniz Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Antalya, TÜRKİYE
bTıp Tarihi ve Etik AD, Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Ankara, TÜRKİYE
cHalk Sağlığı AD, Akdeniz Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Emekli Öğretim Üyesi, Antalya, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Ethics. 2019;27(1):48-56
doi: 10.5336/mdethic.2018-63439
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Bu çalışmada, hekimler ve hukukçuların tıbbi hata malpraktis ve komplikasyon kavramlarını nasıl tanımladıklarının ve bu kavramların ulusal, uluslararası tartışmalı konu başlıkları hakkındaki görüşlerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma tanımlayıcı, kesitsel araştırma şeklinde yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada evreni bilinen örnekleme yöntemi ile örneklem hesabı yapılmış olup, toplam 204 hekim ve 212 hukukçu araştırmanın örneklemini oluşturmuştur. Verilerin toplanmasında sosyodemografik bilgi formu ve araştırmacı tarafından tıbbi hata, malpraktis ve komplikasyon gibi temel kavramların hekim ve hukukçular tarafından nasıl tanımlandığının ve tıbbi hata, malpraktis ve komplikasyon kavramlarının ulusal ve uluslararası tartışmalı konu başlıkları hakkındaki görüşlerinin belirlenmesine yönelik hazırlanan, toplam 13 sorudan oluşan anket formu kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri yüz yüze görüşme yoluyla toplanmıştır. İstatistiksel analiz için ki-kare anlamlılık testi ve malpraktis, tıbbi hata, komplikasyon tanımlarının doğru yanıtlarını etkileyen faktörleri bulmak için de lojistik regresyon testi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre tüm katılımcılar malpraktis kavramını %27,36 oranında doğru tanımlamışlardır. Araştırmaya tüm katılanların komplikasyon kavramını %83,20 oranında doğru tanımladıkları görülmüştür. Araştırmaya katılanlar, Türkiye'de tıp alanında oluşan hataların nedenini %74,50 gibi yüksek bir oranla en çok sağlık sisteminin yetersizliklerinden kaynaklandığını düşünmektedir. Araştırmaya katılanlar, yaşanan tıbbi uygulama hatasının hastaya söylenmesi durumunda hastanın dava açma eğiliminin artacağı düşüncesindedir. Araştırmaya katılanlar, hukuki yaptırımların artırılarak uygulanması durumunda yaşanan tıbbi uygulama hatalarının azalacağı düşüncesindedirler. Araştırmaya katılanlar, %74,00 gibi yüksek bir oranda, tıbbi hata iddiası ile açılan davanın hukuki sürecinin sağlıklı işlemediğine inanmaktadırlar. Bu çalışmanın sonucunda, hekimler ve hukukçular arasında tıbbi hata, malpraktis, gibi temel kavramların tanımı ve anlamı üzerinde bir uzlaşının olmadığı, hatalı uygulamaları tanımlamak üzere uluslararası anlamları açısından uygun olmayan farklı kelimeler kullandıkları belirlenmiştir. Kavramların tartışmalı konu başlıkları üzerinde de uzlaşının olmadığı görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Tıbbi hata; malpraktis; komplikasyon
ABSTRACT
 In this study, it is aimed to determine how physicians and lawyers define the concepts of Medical error, malpractice and complication and their opinions about the national and international controversial topics of these concepts. The research was conducted as descriptive, cross-sectional research. The sample of the study was total of 204 physicians and 212 lawyers. A questionnaire form consisting of thirteen questions socio-demographic data forms were used to determine the basic concepts such as medical errors, malpractice and complication by physicians and lawyers. The data of the study were collected through face-to-face interviews. Chi-square significance test and the logistic regression test were used to find out the factors affecting the correct answers of the malpractice, medical error and complication definitions for statistical analysis. According to the findings of the study, participants defined the malpractice concept as 27.36% correctly. It was found that participants had correctly defined the concept of complication as 83.20%. Participants in thestudy, the cause of the error that occurred in Turkey in the medical field such as high a rate of 74.50% believe that due to the inadequacy of most health systems. Participants of the study think that the patient's tendency to open a lawsuit will increase if the patient's medical malpractice is told to the patient. The opinion of the participants in the study, experienced medical errors will be reduced by increasing the implementation of legal sanctions. The participants believe that the legal process of thecase, which is claimed as a medical error, is not working properly. As a result of this study, it was defined that there was no consensus on the meanings of basic definitions such as malpractice and medical error between physicians and jurists, and used different words to describe errors or faulty practices. Also it was observed that no consensus on the controversial topics of the concepts.

Keywords: Medical error; malpractice; complication
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