Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Nursing Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Tip 2 Diyabetli Bireylerde Komplikasyon Risk Algısının ve Tedaviye Uyum Düzeyinin İncelenmesi: Tanımlayıcı Çalışma
Investigation of Complication Risk Perception and Level of Adherence to Treatment in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: Descriptive Study
Sultan Fatma BİLAa , Cemile KÜTMEÇ YILMAZb
aAksaray Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İç Hastalıkları Hemşireliği AD, Aksaray, Türkiye
bAksaray Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Hemşirelik Bölümü, İç Hastalıkları Hemşireliği AD, Aksaray, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Nurs Sci. 2024;16(4):1170-9
doi: 10.5336/nurses.2024-102869
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Amaç: Bu araştırmada, Tip 2 diabetes mellituslu bireylerin diyabet komplikasyon risk algısının ve tedaviye uyum düzeyinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Tanımlayıcı ve ilişki arayıcı nitelikteki bu çalışma, bir eğitim araştırma hastanesinin dahiliye polikliniklerine başvuran Tip 2 diabetes mellitus tanılı 250 birey ile yürütülmüştür. Araştırma verileri yüz yüze görüşme yöntemiyle Ocak-Mayıs 2023 tarihleri arasında toplanmıştır. Verilerin toplanmasında tanıtıcı bilgi formu, Diabetes Mellitus Risk Algı Ölçeği ve Tip 2 Diabetes Mellitus Tedavisine Hasta Uyum Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Normal dağılıma uygunluk, Kolmogrov-Smirnov testi ile analiz edilmiş ve verilerin analizinde Mann-Whitney U testi, Bonferroni düzeltmeli Kruskal-Wallis testi ve Spearman korelasyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışmaya dâhil edilen diyabetli bireylerin %59,2'si 65 yaş altı, %52'si kadın, %69,6'sı evli, %40,8'i ilköğretim mezunudur. Çalışmada bireylerin Diabetes Mellitus Risk Algı Ölçeği komplikasyon risk bilgisi ve birleşik risk bilgisi alt boyut puan ortalamalarının sırasıyla 2,99±0,06 ve 3,30±0,37, Tip 2 Diabetes Mellitus Tedavisine Hasta Uyum Ölçeği toplam puan ortalamasının 69,32±14,14 olduğu saptanmıştır. Buna göre hastaların risk bilgisinin iyi düzeyde, komplikasyonlara yönelik algılanan riskin ortalamanın üzerinde, tedaviye uyumun ise orta düzeyde olduğu söylenebilir. Sonuç: Araştırma sonucunda, Tip 2 diabetes mellituslu bireylerin risk bilgisinin iyi düzeyde, komplikasyonlara yönelik algılanan riskin ortalamanın üzerinde, tedaviye uyumun ise orta düzeyde olduğu saptanmıştır. Tip 2 diyabetli bireylerde komplikasyon gelişme riskine ilişkin endişe arttıkça tedaviye uyumun azaldığı saptanmıştır. Bireylerin diyabete ilişkin komplikasyon risk algılarının bütüncül olarak değerlendirilmesi, uygun hemşirelik bakım ve girişimlerinin planlanması, komplikasyon riskine ilişkin endişenin azaltılmasına yönelik yaşam tarzı değişikliklerinin desteklenmesi önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Tip 2 diabetes mellitus; komplikasyon; risk algısı; uyum; hemşirelik
ABSTRACT
 Objective: This study aimed to examine the diabetes complication risk perception and treatment compliance level of individuals with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Material and Methods: This descriptive and correlation-seeking study was conducted with 250 individuals diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes mellitus who applied to the internal medicine outpatient clinics of a training and research hospital. Research data was collected by face-to-face interview method between January and May 2023. Introductory information form, Diabetes Mellitus-Risk Perception Scale and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treatment Patient Compliance Scale were used to collect data. Compliance with normal distribution was analyzed with the Kolmogrov-Smirnov test, and Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test with Bonferroni correction and Spearman correlation analysis were used to analyze the data. Results: Of the individuals with diabetes included in the study, 59.2% were under the age of 65, 52% were women, 69.6% were married, and 40.8% were primary school graduates. In the study, individuals' Diabetes Mellitus-Risk Perception Scale complication risk knowledge and combined risk knowledge subscale mean scores were 2.99±0.06 and 3.30±0.37, respectively, and the total score mean of the Patient Compliance Scale in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus was 69.32±14.14. Accordingly, it can be said that the risk knowledge of the patients was at a good level, the perceived risk of complications was above average, and compliance with treatment was at a moderate level. Conclusion: As a result of the study, it was determined that the risk knowledge of individuals with Type 2 diabetes mellitus was at a good level, the perceived risk for complications was above average, and compliance with treatment was at a moderate level. It has been found that as concern about the risk of developing complications increases in individuals with diabetes, compliance with treatment decreases. It is recommended to evaluate individuals' complication risk perceptions regarding diabetes holistically, plan appropriate nursing care and interventions, and support lifestyle changes to reduce anxiety about the risk of complications.

Keywords: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; complication; risk perception; compliance; nursing
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