Journal of Diabetes and its Complition

Tip 2 diabetes mellituslu bir hasta grubunda total homosistein
Tip 2 diabetes mellituslu bir hasta grubunda total homosistein
D.A. de Luis*, N. Fernandez, M.L. Arranz, R. Aller, O. Izaola, E. Romero
Institute of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Medicine School and Hospital Rio Hortega, University of Valladolid, C/Los perales 16 (URB Las Acen˜as), Simancas 47130, Valladolid, Spain
Article Language: TR
ÖZET
Amaç: Tip 2 diyabette hiperhomosisteineminin önemi, renal fonksiyon bozukluğu ve vitamin durumunun gözden geçirilmesine ilişkin çok sayıda etkenin varlığı nedeni ile daha da karmaşık hale gelmiştir. Çalışmamızın amacı tip 2 diyabetik bir hasta topluluğunda total homosistein (tHcy) ile kronik komplikasyonlar arasındaki ilişkinin analiz edilmesiydi. Aynı zamanda tHcy ile bu hastaların vücut bileşimleri ve diğer kardiyovasküler risk faktörleri arasındaki ilişkiyi de analiz ettik. Dizayn: Kesitsel bir çalışma düzeninde diyabet servisimizde izlenen diabetes mellituslu toplam 155 hasta (90 kadın, 65 erkek) ardışık olarak çalışmaya dahil edildi. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya dahil edilen hastaların tümünde aşağıda sayılan incelemeler yapıldı; (i) total kolesterol, trigliserid, lipoprotein (a), düşük dansiteli lipoprotein (LDL kolesterol), glukoz, HbA1c, fibrinojen, homosistein, vitamin B12, folat ve mikroalbuminüri dahil olmak üzere biyokimyasal kardiyovasküler risk faktörleri ve (ii) vücut kütle endeksi, vücut ağırlığı, yağ kütlesi yüzdesi ve triseps deri kıvrımı kalınlığı kullanılarak değerlendirilen yağ kütlesi. Bulgular: Hastalar iki gruba bölündü (Grup I: tHcy ? 15 µmol/l; Grup II: tHcy <15 µmol/l). Sigara içme alışkanlığı her iki grup için de benzerdi. Tüm grup içinde serebrovasküler olay görülme sıklığı %3.3 oranındaydı. Bu görülme sıklığı her iki grup için de farklı değildi (%7.4'e karşı %2.3; anlamlı değil) (OR 3.3; %95 GA 0.49-19.68). Tüm grup içinde koroner kalp hastalığı görülme sıklığı %5.8'di ve gruplar arasında istatistiksel olarak farklılık bulunmamaktaydı (%3.5'e karşı %6.3; anlamlı değil) (OR 0.57; %95 GA 0.065-4.53). Makrovasküler komplikasyonlar değerlendirildiğinde sadece periferik damar hastalığı görülme sıklığı Grup I'de daha yüksekti (%16'ya karşı %3.1; P < 0.05; OR 5.33; %95 GA 1.18-21.5). Nefropati görülme sıklığı Grup I'de daha yüksekti (%93.3'e karşı %12.8; P <0.05; OR 7.15; %95 GA: 2.9-17.9). Retinopati görülme sıklığı açısından istatistiksel olarak farklılık saptanmadı (tüm grup için %41.9) (%42.5'e karşı %40.9; anlamlı değil) (OR 1.75; %95 GA 0.78-3.9). Aynı zamanda her iki grupta periferik nöropati görülme sıklığı da benzerdi (%7.1'e karşı %6.5; anlamlı değil) (OR 1.1; %95 GA: 0.15-8.2). Homosistein ile antropometrik parametreler (vücut kütle endeksi, vücut ağırlığı, yağ kütlesi yüzdesi, yağ kütlesi ve triseps deri kıvrımı kalınlığı) arasında herhangi bir ilişki saptanmadı. Grup I'de fibrinojen, lipoprotein (a), mikroalbuminüri ve kan basıncı düzeylerinde yükseklik saptandı. Sonuç: Bu çalışma tip 2 diyabetik hastalarda plazma tHcy düzeylerindeki yükselmenin periferik arteriyopati ve nefropati görülme sıklığında artış ile birliktelik gösterdiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Bizim verilerimiz hiperhomosisteineminin yağ kütlesi ile ilişkili olmadığını, ancak fibrinojen, lipoprotein (a), mikroalbuminüri ve kan basıncı düzeylerinde yükseklik ile ilişkili olduğunu düşündürmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Diabetes mellitus; Homosistein; Makroanjiyopati; Mikroanjiyopati
ABSTRACT
Objective: The significance of hyperhomocysteinemia in type 2 diabetes is further complicated by the multiple ways of considering impaired renal function and vitamin status. The aim of our study was to analyze the relationship between total homocysteine (tHcy) in a population of type 2 diabetic patients and chronic complications.We also analyzed the relationship between tHcy and the body composition of these patients and other cardiovascular risk factors. Design: In a cross-sectional study, a total of 155 patients with diabetes mellitus attending in our diabetes service (90 females/65 males) were enrolled in a consecutive way. Material and Methods: All enrolled patients underwent the following examinations; (i) biochemical cardiovascular risk factors including total cholesterol, triglyceride, lipoprotein (a), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-cholesterol), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-cholesterol), glucose, HbA1c, fibrinogen, homocysteine, vitamin B12, folate, and microalbuminuria; and (ii) fat mass assessed by body mass index, weight, percentage of fat mass, and tricipital skinfold. Results: Patients were divided in two groups (Group I: tHcyz15 Amol/l; Group II: tHcy<15 Amol/l). Smoking habit was similar in both groups. A prevalence of cerebrovascular accident was present in 3.3% in the total group. This prevalence was not different in both groups (7.4% vs. 2.3%; ns) (OR 3.3; 95% CI 0.49-19.68). The prevalence of coronary heart disease in the total group was 5.8% without statistical differences between groups (3.5% vs. 6.3%; ns) (OR 0.57; 95% CI 0.065-4.53). Concerning macrovascular complications, only peripheral vascular disease prevalence was higher in Group I (16% vs. 3.1%; P < 0.05; OR 5.33; 95% CI 1.18-21.5). A prevalence of nephropathy was higher in Group I (93.3% vs. 12.8%; P < 0.05; OR 7.15; 95% CI 2.9-17.9). No statistical differences were detected in prevalence of retinopathy (global group 41.9%) (42.5% vs. 40.9%; ns) (OR 1.75; 95% CI 0.78-3.9). Also, peripheral neuropathy was similar in both groups (7.1% vs. 6.5%; ns) (OR 1.1; 95% CI 0.15-8.2). No correlation was detected among homocysteine and anthropometric parameters (body mass index, weight, percentage of fat mass, fat mass, and tricipital skinfold). Elevated levels of fibrinogen, lipoprotein (a), microalbuminuria, and blood pressure were detected in Group I. Conclusion: The present study shows that elevation of plasma tHcy levels in type 2 diabetic patients is associated with a higher prevalence of peripheral arteriopathy and nephropathy. Our data suggest that hyperhomocysteinemia is not associated with fat mass but it is associated with high levels of fibrinogen, lipoprotein (a), microalbuminuria, and blood pressure levels.

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus; Homocysteine; Macroangiopathy; Microangiopathy

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