Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Nursing Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
The Relationship Between the Compassion of Nurses and Their Levels of Job Satisfaction
Hemşirelerin Merhamet Düzeyleri ile İş Doyumları Arasındaki İlişki
Esra TURAL BÜYÜKa, Nazlı BALTACIb
aDepartment of Child Health Nursing, Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Health Sciences, Samsun, TURKEY
bDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing, Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Health Sciences, Samsun, TURKEY
Turkiye Klinikleri J Nurs Sci. 2021;13(1):36-43
doi: 10.5336/nurses.2020-76334
Article Language: EN
Full Text
ABSTRACT
 _This study aims to examine the relationship between the compassion of nurses and the affecting factors on their level of job satisfaction. Material and Methods_ The population of this descriptive study consisted of 550 nurses working at a university hospital, 209 of which have met the inclusion criteria constituted the study sample. The research data was collected using the Introductory Information Form developed by the researchers in line with the literature, the Compassion Scale, and the Nurse Job Satisfaction Scale. The data was assessed and analyzed using the SPSS V23 program, descriptive statistics, the independent two-sample t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), the TUKEY test, the Mann-Whitney U test, the Kruskal-Wallis test, and the Spearman correlation analysis. The significance level was considered 0.05 for all comparisons. Results_ The level of job satisfaction among nurses who had a bachelor's degree in nursing (F3=2.71, p=0.046), those who worked in pediatric clinics (Kruskal-Wallis (KW) 4=22.35, p_0.001) those who willingly chose the nursing profession (F204=1.91, p_0.05), and those who were satisfied with their jobs (F4=9.77, p_0.001)-as well as the level of compassion among nurses who were satisfied with their jobs (F4=5.88, p_0.001) and those who reported to empathize with patients (KW2=13.10, p_0.001)-were statistically, significantly higher than the others. A positive correlation was found between the total mean scores of nurses on the compassion and job satisfaction scales(r=0.30, p_0.001). Conclusion_ The nurses satisfied with their jobs had higher levels of job satisfaction and compassion. As the nurses' job satisfaction increased, the level of their compassion also increased_

Keywords: Hemşire; merhamet; iş doyumu
ÖZET
 Amaç: Bu araştırma, hemşirelerin merhamet düzeyleri ile mesleki iş doyumları arasındaki ilişkiyi ve etkileyen faktörleri belirlemek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Tanımlayıcı nitelikteki bu araştırmanın evrenini bir üniversite hastanesinde çalışan 550 hemşire oluşturmuş olup araştırma kriterlerine uyan 209 hemşire çalışmamızın örneklemini oluşturmuştur. Veri toplama aracı olarak, araştırmacılar tarafından literatür doğrultusunda oluşturulan Tanımlayıcı Bilgi Formu, Merhamet Ölçeği ve Hemşire İş Doyum Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesi için SPSS V23 programı kullanılmış olup tanımlayıcı istatistikler, bağımsız iki örnek t-testi, tek yönlü varyans analizi, TUKEY testi, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis U testi ve Spearman korelasyon analizinden yararlanılmıştır. Bulgular: Lisans mezunu olan (F3=2,71, p=0,046), pediatri kliniklerinde çalışan (Kruskal-Wallis (KW) 4=22,35, p<0,001), mesleğini isteyerek seçen (F204=1,91, p< 0,05) ve işinden memnun olan (F4=9,77, p<0,001) hemşirelerin iş doyumları ile işinden memnun olan (F4=5,88, p<0,001) ve hastası ile empati kurduğunu ifade eden (KW2=13,10, p<0,001) hemşirelerin merhamet düzeyleri diğer hemşirelerden daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Merhamet ölçeği toplam puan ortalamaları ile iş doyum ölçeği toplam puan ortalamaları arasında pozitif yönlü ileri derecede anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu saptanmıştır(r=0,30, p<0,001). Sonuç: Araştırmanın sonucunda işinden memnun olan hemşirelerin hem iş doyumlarının hem de merhamet düzeylerinin yüksek olduğu ve hemşirelerin merhamet düzeyi arttıkça iş doyumunun da arttığı saptanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Nurse; compassion; job satisfaction
REFERENCES:
  1. Dikmen Y, Aydın Y, Tabakoğlu P.[Compassion fatigue: A study of critical care nurses in Turkey]. Journal of Hum Sci. 2016;13(2):2879-84.[Crossref] 
  2. Gök GA. [ Unbearable heaviness of compassion: Nurses' compassion fatigue]. Süleyman Demirel University The Journal of Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences 2015;20(2):299-313.[Link] 
  3. Pehlivan T, Güner P. [Compassion fatigue: The known and unknown]. J Psychiatric Nurs 2018;9(2):129-34.[Link] 
  4. Konca Uğurlu A, Eti Arslan F. [Compassion and nursing: Can compassion be measured]. Turkiye Klinikleri J Nurs Sci 2017;9(3):233-8.[Crossref] 
  5. van der Cingel M. Compassion in care: a qualitative study of older people with a chronic disease and nurses. Nurs Ethics. 2011;18(5):672-85.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  6. Bhartendra S, Triza J. Self-compassion: Basis of quality nursing care. AJNER 2015;5(2):279-82.[Crossref] 
  7. Hooper C, Craig J, Janvrin DR, Wetsel MA, Reimels E. Compassion satisfaction, burnout, and compassion fatigue among emergency nurses compared with nurses in other selected inpatient specialties. J Emerg Nurs. 2010;36(5):420-7.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  8. Şirin M, Yurttaş A. [Cost of Nursing Care: Compassion Fatigue. Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Nursing Electronic Journal. 2015;8(2):123-30.[Link] 
  9. Christiansen A, O'Brien MR, Kirton JA, Zubairu K, Bray L. Delivering compassionate care: the enablers and barriers. Br J Nurs. 2015;24(16):833-7.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  10. Yılmaz G, Üstün B. [Professional quality of life in nurses: Compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue]. J Psychiatric Nurs. 2018;9(3):205-11.[Link] 
  11. Slocum-Gori S, Hemsworth D, Chan WW, Carson A, Kazanjian A. Understanding Compassion Satisfaction, Compassion Fatigue and Burnout: a survey of the hospice palliative care workforce. Palliat Med. 2013;27(2):172-8.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  12. Wentzel D, Brysiewicz P. The consequence of caring too much: compassion fatigue and the trauma nurse. J Emerg Nurs. 2014;40(1):95-7.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  13. Konal E, Ardahan M. [Compassion fatigue and nursing]. Journal of Health and Society 2018;28(1):11-6.[Link] 
  14. Flarity K, Gentry JE, Mesnikoff N. The effectiveness of an educational program on preventing and treating compassion fatigue in emergency nurses. Adv Emerg Nurs J. 2013;35(3):247-58.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  15. Hiçdurmaz D, İnci FA. [Compassion fatigue: Description, causes and prevention]. Current Approaches in Psychiatry. 2015;7(3):295-303.[Link] 
  16. Aksoy N, Polat C. [Job satisfaction and affecting factors of surgical unit nurses of 3 different hospitals in a province in mediterranean region]. Koç University Journal of Nursing Education and Research. 2013;10(2):45-53.[Link] 
  17. Kavlu İ, Pınar R. [Effects of job satisfaction and burnout on quality of life in nurses who work in emergency services]. Turkey Clinics Journal of Medical Sciences. 2009;29(6):1543-55.[Link] 
  18. Meyer RM, Li A, Klaristenfeld J, Gold JI. Pediatric novice nurses: examining compassion fatigue as a mediator between stress exposure and compassion satisfaction, burnout, and job satisfaction. J Pediatr Nurs. 2015;30(1):174-83.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  19. Pommier E, Neff KD, Tóth-Király I. The Development and Validation of the Compassion Scale. Assessment. 2020; 27(1): 21-39.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  20. Akdeniz S, Deniz ME. [The Turkish adaptation of the Compassion Scale: A validity and reliability study]. The Journal of Happiness & Well-Being. 2016;4(1):50-6.[Link] 
  21. Muya M, Katsuyama K, Ozaki F, Aoyama H. Development of a scale measuring the job satisfaction of Japanese hospital nurses. Jpn J Nurs Sci. 2014;11(3):160-70.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  22. Türe YA, Yıldırım A. [Validity and Reliability of the Nurse Job Satisfaction Scale in Turkish]. Journal of Health and Nursing Management. 2016;3(3):158-68.[Link] 
  23. Çingöl N, Çelebi E, Zengin S, Karakaş M. [The investigation of compassion level of nursing students in a health]. Turkish J Clinical Psychiatry. 2018;21(1):61-7 (in Turkish).[Crossref] 
  24. Kelly L, Runge J, Spencer C. Predictors of Compassion Fatigue and Compassion Satisfaction in Acute Care Nurses. J Nurs Scholarsh. 2015;47(6):522-8.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  25. Intepeler SŞ, Güneş N, Bengü N, Yılmazmış F. [The change in job satisfaction and organizational commitment among nurses employed in a university hospital]. Dokuz Eylül University School of Nursing Electronic Journal. 2014;7(1):2-6.[Link] 
  26. Kahraman G, Engin E, Dülgerler Ş, Öztürk Ş. [ The job satisfaction of ıntensive care unit nurses and affecting factors]. Dokuz Eylül University School of Nursing Electronic Journal. 2011;4(1):12-8.[Link] 
  27. Golbasi Z, Kelleci M, Dogan S. Relationships between coping strategies, individual characteristics and job satisfaction in a sample of hospital nurses: cross-sectional questionnaire survey. Int J Nurs Stud. 2008;45(12):1800-6.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  28. Yıldız N, Kanan N. [The factors that affect job satisfaction in nurses working in the ıntensive care units]. Journal of Intensive Care Nursing. 2005;9(1-2):8-13.[Link] 
  29. Tilev S, Beydağ KD. [Job satisfaction level of nurses]. Journal of Health and Nursing Management. 2014;3(1):140-7.[Crossref] 
  30. Akman O, Ozturk C, Bektas M, Ayar D, Armstrong MA. Job satisfaction and burnout among paediatric nurses. J Nurs Manag. 2016;24(7):923-33.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  31. Tambağ H, Can R, Kahraman Y, Şahpolat M. [The effect of the work environment on job satisfaction among nurses ]. Medical Journal of Bakırköy. 2015;11(4):143-9.[Crossref] 
  32. Durmuş S, Günay O. [Factors affecting job satisfaction and anxiety levels in the nurses]. Erciyes Medical Journal. 2007;29(2):139-146.[Link] 
  33. Roney LN, Acri MC. The Cost of Caring: An Exploration of Compassion Fatigue, Compassion Satisfaction, and Job Satisfaction in Pediatric Nurses. J Pediatr Nurs. 2018;40:74-80.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  34. Kolthoff KL, Hickman SE. Compassion fatigue among nurses working with older adults. Geriatr Nurs. 2017;38(2):106-9.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  35. Sekol MA, Kim SC. Job satisfaction, burnout, and stress among pediatric nurses in various specialty units at an acute care hospital. J Nurs Educ Pract 2014;4(12):115-24.[Crossref] 
  36. Li A, Early SF, Mahrer NE, Klaristenfeld JL, Gold JI. Group cohesion and organizational commitment: protective factors for nurse residents' job satisfaction, compassion fatigue, compassion satisfaction, and burnout. J Prof Nurs. 2014;30(1):89-99.[Crossref] [PubMed] 

.: Up To Date

Login

 Forgot your password?

 New Registration  

Contact

Ortadoğu Reklam Tanıtım Yayıncılık Turizm Eğitim İnşaat Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.

.: Address

Turkocagi Caddesi No:30 06520 Balgat / ANKARA
Phone: +90 312 286 56 56
Fax: +90 312 220 04 70
E-mail: info@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Manuscript Editing Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 2
E-mail: yaziisleri@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: English Language Redaction

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 145
E-mail: tkyayindestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Marketing Sales-Project Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 142
E-mail: reklam@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Subscription and Public Relations Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: abone@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Customer Services

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: satisdestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

1. TERMS OF USE

1.1. To use the web pages with http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name or the websites reached through the sub domain names attached to the domain name (They will be collectively referred as "SITE"), please read the conditions below. If you do not accept these terms, please cease to use the "SITE." "SITE" owner reserves the right to change the information on the website, forms, contents, the "SITE," "SITE" terms of use anytime they want.

1.2. The owner of the "SITE" is Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. (From now on it is going to be referred as "Turkiye Klinikleri", shortly) and it resides at Turkocagi cad. No:30, 06520 Balgat Ankara. The services in the "SITE" are provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.3. Anyone accessing the "SITE" with or without a fee whether they are a natural person or a legal identity is considered to agree these terms of use. In this contract hereby, "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the stated terms anytime. These changes will be published in the "SITE" periodically and they will be valid when they are published. Any natural person or legal identity benefiting from and reaching to the "SITE" are considered to be agreed to any change on hereby contract terms done by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.4. The "Terms of Use" hereby is published in the website with the last change on March 30th 2014 and the "SITE" is activated by enabling the access to everyone. The "Terms of Use" hereby is also a part of the any "USER Contract" was and/or will be done with the users using "Turkiye Klinikleri" services with or without a fee an inseparable.

2. DEFINITIONS

2.1. "SITE": A website offering different kind of services and context with a certain frame determined by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and it is accessible on-line on http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name and/or subdomains connected to the domain name.

2.2. USER: A natural person or a legal identity accessing to the "SITE" through online settings.

2.3. LINK: A link enabling to access to another website through the "SITE", the files, the context or through another website to the "SITE", the files and the context.

2.4. CONTEXT: Any visual, literary and auditory images published in the "Turkiye Klinikleri", "SITE" and/or any website or any accessible information, file, picture, number/figures, price, etc.

2.5. "USER CONTRACT": An electronically signed contract between a natural or a legal identity benefiting from special services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide and "Turkiye Klinikleri".

3. SCOPE OF THE SERVICES

3.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine the scope and quality of the services via the "SITE".

3.2. To benefit the services of "Turkiye Klinikleri" "SITE", the "USER" must deliver the features that will be specified by "Turkiye Klinikleri". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change this necessity any time single-sided.

3.3. Not for a limited number, the services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide through the "SITE" for a certain price or for free are;

- Providing scientific articles, books and informative publications for health industry.

- Providing structural, statistical and editorial support to article preparation stage for scientific journals.

4. GENERAL PROVISIONS

4.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine which of the services and contents provided in the "SITE" will be charged.

4.2. People benefiting from the services provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and using the website can use the "SITE" only according to the law and only for personal reasons. Users have the criminal and civil liability for every process and action they take in the "SITE". Every USER agrees, declares and undertakes that they will not proceed by any function or action infringement of rights of "Turkiye Klinikleri"s and/or other third parties', they are the exclusive right holder on usage, processing, storage, made public and revealing any written, visual or auditory information reported to Turkiye Klinikleri" and/or "SITE" to the third parties. "USER" agrees and undertakes that s/he will not duplicate, copy, distribute, process, the pictures, text, visual and auditory images, video clips, files, databases, catalogs and lists within the "SITE", s/he will not be using these actions or with other ways to compete with "Turkiye Klinikleri", directly or indirectly.

4.3. The services provided and the context published within the "SITE" by third parties is not under the responsibility of "Turkiye Klinikleri", institutions collaborated with "Turkiye Klinikleri", "Turkiye Klinikleri" employee and directors, "Turkiye Klinikleri" authorized salespeople. Commitment to accuracy and legality of the published information, context, visual and auditory images provided by any third party are under the full responsibility of the third party. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not promise and guarantee the safety, accuracy and legality of the services and context provided by a third party.

4.4. "USER"s cannot act against "Turkiye Klinikleri", other "USER"s and third parties by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" has no direct and/or indirect responsibility for any damage a third party suffered or will suffer regarding "USER"s actions on the "SITE" against the rules of the hereby "Terms of Use" and the law.

4.5. "USER"s accept and undertake that the information and context they provided to the "SITE" are accurate and legal. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is not liable and responsible for promising and guaranteeing the verification of the information and context transmitted to "Turkiye Klinikleri" by the "USER"s, or uploaded, changed and provided through the "SITE" by them and whether these information are safe, accurate and legal.

4.6. "USER"s agree and undertake that they will not perform any action leading to unfair competition, weakening the personal and commercial credit of "Turkiye Klinikleri" and a third party,  encroaching and attacking on personal rights within the "SITE" in accordance with the Turkish Commercial Code Law.

4.7. "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the right to change the services and the context within the "SITE"  anytime. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use this right without any notification and timelessly. "USER"s have to make the changes and/or corrections "Turkiye Klinikleri" required immediately. Any changes and/or corrections that are required by "Turkiye Klinikleri", may be made by "Turkiye Klinikleri" when needed. Any harm, criminal and civil liability resulted or will result from changes and/or corrections required by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and were not made on time by the "USER"s belongs completely to the users.

4.8. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may give links through the "SITE" to other websites and/or "CONTEXT"s and/or folders that are outside of their control and owned and run by third parties. These links are provided for ease of reference only and do not hold qualification for support the respective web SITE or the admin or declaration or guarantee for the information inside. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not hold any responsibility over the web-sites connected through the links on the "SITE", folders and context, the services or products on the websites provided through these links or their context.

4.9. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use the information provided to them by the "USERS" through the "SITE" in line with the terms of the "PRIVACY POLICY" and "USER CONTRACT". It may process the information or classify and save them on a database. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may also use the USER's or visitor's identity, address, e-mail address, phone number, IP number, which sections of the "SITE" they visited, domain type, browser type, date and time information to provide statistical evaluation and customized services.

5. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

5.1. The information accessed through this "SITE" or provided by the users legally and all the elements (including but not limited to design, text, image, html code and other codes) of the "SITE" (all of them will be called as studies tied to "Turkiye Klinikleri"s copyrights) belongs to "Turkiye Klinikleri". Users do not have the right to resell, process, share, distribute, display or give someone permission to access or to use the "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information and the products under copyright protection by "Turkiye Klinikleri". Within hereby "Terms of Use" unless explicitly permitted by "Turkiye Klinikleri" nobody can reproduce, process, distribute or produce or prepare any study from those under "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyright protection.

5.2. Within hereby "Terms of Use", "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the rights for "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information, the products associated with "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyrights, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trademarks, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trade looks or its all rights for other entity and information it has through this website unless it is explicitly authorized by "Turkiye Klinikleri".

6. CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF USE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com