Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Nursing Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
The Relationship Between Internalized Stigma and Aging in Place in Older People: A Descriptive Study
Yaşlı Bireylerde İçselleştirilmiş Damgalanmayla Yerinde Yaşlanma Arasındaki İlişki: Tanımlayıcı Çalışma
Meltem ÇAPAR ÇİFTÇİa
aAğın Community Health Center, Elazığ, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Nurs Sci. 2024;16(2):569-76
doi: 10.5336/nurses.2023-100632
Article Language: EN
Full Text
ABSTRACT
 Objective: In the study, it was aimed to investigate the relationship between internalized stigma and aging in place in older people. Material and Methods: The relational screening study was conducted with individuals (65 years old and above) (n=600) registered to a community health center located in the east of Türkiye between December 2021-July 2022. In the analysis of the data, descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test were used. The study data were collected through ''Descriptive Characteristics Form'', ''Aging in Place Scale'', and ''Eldery Internalized Stigma Scale''. Results: It was determined that the participants' total scale mean score obtained from the Aging in Place Scale was 44.55±16.69, and their mean score obtained from the Elderly Internalized Stigma Scale was 68.56±30.12. In the study, a statistically significant and negative correlation was found between the older people' levels of aging in place and their levels of internalized stigma (p<0.05). Conclusion: It was determined in the study that the older people level of aging in place was at a moderate level, that their level of internalized stigma was high, and that as the level of internalized stigma increased, their level of aging in place decreased.

Keywords: Internalized stigma; older people; aging in place
ÖZET
 Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı, yaşlı bireylerde içselleştirilmiş damgalanmayla yerinde yaşlanma arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Türkiye'nin doğusundaki bir toplum sağlığı merkezine kayıtlı 65 yaş ve üzeri bireyler (n=600) ile ilişkisel tanımlayıcı bir çalışma yapılmıştır. Çalışma, Aralık 2021-Temmuz 2022 tarihleri arasında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Verilerin anazinde tanımlayıcı istatistikler, bağımsız örneklem t testi kullanıldı. Verileri toplamak için ''Tanıtıcı Özellikler Formu'', ''Yerinde Yaşlanma Ölçeği'' ve ''Yaşlı İçselleştirilmiş Damgalanma Ölçeği'' kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan bireylerin, yerinde yaşlanma ölçeğinden aldıkları toplam puan ortalamasının 44,55±16,69, yaşlı içselleştirilmiş damgalanma ölçeğinden aldığı toplam puan ortalamasının 68,56±30,12 olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada yaşlı bireylerin yerinde yaşlanma düzeyi ile içselleştirilmiş damgalanma düzeyi arasında istatistiksel olarak negatif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu saptanmıştır (p<0,05). Sonuç: Çalışmada, yaşlı bireylerin yerinde yaşlanmasının orta düzeyde olduğu, içselleştirilmiş damgalanma düzeyinin yüksek olduğu ve içselleştirilmiş damgalanma düzeyi artıkça, yerinde yaşlanma düzeyinin azaldığı belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: İçselleştirilmiş damgalanma; yaşlı bireyler; yerinde yaşlanma
REFERENCES:
  1. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. World Population Ageing 2020 Highlights: Living arrangements of older persons (ST/ESA/SER.A/451). 2020. Erişim tarihi: 12.03.2022 Available from: [Link] 
  2. Ahn M, Kang J, Kwon HJ. The concept of aging in place as intention. Gerontologist. 2020;60(1):50-9. [PubMed] 
  3. Marshall K, Hale D. Aging in place. Home Healthc Now. 2020;38(3):163-4. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  4. Kim KI, Gollamudi SS, Steinhubl S. Digital technology to enable aging in place. Exp Gerontol. 2017;88:25-31. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  5. Lewis C, Buffel T. Aging in place and the places of aging: a longitudinal study. J Aging Stud. 2020;54:100870. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  6. Grimmer K, Kay D, Foot J, Pastakia K. Consumer views about aging-in-place. Clin Interv Aging. 2015;10:1803-11. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  7. Parlak Demir Y. Kendi evinde yaşayan ve huzurevinde yaşayan yaşlı bireylerin günlük yaşam aktivitelerinin, depresyon düzeylerinin ve sosyal izolasyon durumlarının karşılaştırılması [Comparison of daily living activities, depression levels and social isolation situations of elderly individuals living in their own homes and living in a nursing home]. Ankara Sağlık Hizmetleri Dergisi. 2017;16(1):19-28. [Crossref] 
  8. Öğüt S, Öğüt Düzen K, Polat M. Huzurevlerinde yaşayan yaşlıların yerinde yaşlanma konusundaki duygu ve düşünceleri [Feelings and thoughts of elderly people living in nursing homes about aging in place]. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2017;4(1):522-6. [Link] 
  9. Fraser S, Lagacé M, Bongué B, Ndeye N, Guyot J, Bechard L, et al. Ageism and COVID-19: What does our society's response say about us? Age Ageing. 2020;49(5):692-5. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  10. Nyqvist F, Häkkinen E, Renaud A, Bouchard L, Prys C. Social exclusion among official language minority older adults: a rapid review of the literature in canada, finland and wales. J Cross Cult Gerontol. 2021;36(3):285-307. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  11. González-Domínguez S, Muñoz M, Ausín B, Castellanos MA, Pérez-Santos E. Age-related self-stigma of people over 65 years old: adaptation of the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness scale (ISMI) for use in age-related self-stigma (IS65+) in a Spanish sample. Aging Ment Health. 2018;22(2):250-6. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  12. Hsieh MO, Leung P. Social exclusion experienced by older adults: factors for designing healthcare settings in Taipei, Taiwan. Soc Work Health Care. 2019;58(4):368-81. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  13. Feng Z, Jones K, Phillips DR. Social exclusion, self-rated health and depression among older people in China: Evidence from a national survey of older persons. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2019;82:238-44. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  14. Chou KL. Social exclusion in old age: a validation study in Hong Kong. Aging Ment Health. 2018;22(8):1072-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  15. Kalınkara V, Kapıkıran Ş. Yerinde yaşlanma ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi ve psikometrik özellikleri [Development of the aging in place scale and its psychometric properties]. Yaşlı Sorunları Araştırma Dergisi. 2017;10(2):54-66. [Link] 
  16. Bıyıklı G. Yaşlılıkta içselleştirilmiş damgalanma ve sosyal desteğin iyilik durumu ve depresyon ile ilişkisi. [Yüksek lisans tezi]. Manisa. Manisa Celal Bayar Üniversitesi; 2020. Erişim tarihi: 15.04.2022 [Link] 
  17. Kütmeç Yılmaz C. Yaşlı bireylerde yerinde yaşlanma ile başarılı yaşlanma ve yaşam doyumu arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi [Determining the relationship between aging in place and successful aging and life satisfaction among older people]. Sağlık ve Toplum Dergisi. 2020;20(3):38-48. [Link] 
  18. Vanleerberghe P, De Witte N, Claes C, Schalock RL, Verté D. The quality of life of older people aging in place: a literature review. Qual Life Res. 2017;26(11):2899-907. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  19. Binette J, Vasold K. 2018 home and community preferences: a national survey of adults ages-plus. AARP. 31 July 2019. [Crossref] 
  20. Karaca F. Huzurevinde kalan yaşlıların hayata bakış açıları ve gelecekle ilgili beklentileri. Aile ve Toplum Eğitim-Kültür ve Araştırma Dergisi, 2010;6(22):50-72.
  21. Burnes D, Sheppard C, Henderson CR Jr, Wassel M, Cope R, Barber C, et al. Interventions to reduce ageism against older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Public Health. 2019;109(8):e1-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  22. Donizzetti AR. Ageism in an aging society: the role of knowledge, anxiety about aging, and stereotypes in young people and adults. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(8):1329. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  23. Levy SR. Toward reducing ageism: peace (positive education about aging and contact experiences) model. Gerontologist. 2018;58(2):226-32. [PubMed] 
  24. Ginsberg F, Rohmer O, Louvet E. Priming of disability and elderly stereotype in motor performance: similar or specific effects? Percept Mot Skills. 2012;114(2):397-406. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  25. Duyan V, Gelbal S. Yaşlılara yönelik tutum ölçeğinin bir grup üniversite öğrencisi üzerinde Türkçeye uyarlanma çalışması [The adaptation of attitudes towards the eldely scale to Turkish with a group of university students]. Türk Geriatri Dergisi. 2013;16(2):202-9. [Link] 
  26. Ng R, Allore HG, Trentalange M, Monin JK, Levy BR. Increasing negativity of age stereotypes across 200 years: evidence from a database of 400 million words. PLoS One. 2015;10(2):e0117086. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  27. Mikton C, de la Fuente-Núñez V, Officer A, Krug E. Ageism: a social determinant of health that has come of age. Lancet. 2021;397(10282):1333-4. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  28. Abo-Rass F, Werner P, Shinan-Altman S. Self-stigma formation process among younger and older Israeli Arabs diagnosed with depression. Aging Ment Health. 2021;25(6):1071-6. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  29. Manor-Binyamini I, Naamneh G. The relationship between parenting stress, social capital and somatization among Arab mothers of adolescents with behavioural disorders. European Journal of Special Needs Education. 2020;35(2):236-53. [Crossref] 
  30. Çapar Çiftçi M, Kavak Budak F. The effect of cognitive behavioral therapy-based psychoeducation on internalized stigma and functional remission in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2022;58(4):2170-82. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  31. Alemayehu Y, Demilew D, Asfaw G, Asfaw H, Alemnew N, Tadesse A. Internalized stigma and associated factors among patients with major depressive disorder at the outpatient department of amanuel mental specialized hospital, addis ababa, ethiopia, 2019: a cross-sectional study. Psychiatry J. 2020;2020:7369542. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  32. Harris K, Krygsman S, Waschenko J, Laliberte Rudman D. Ageism and the older worker: a scoping review. Gerontologist. 2018;58(2):e1-14. [PubMed] 
  33. Callahan JJ. Introduction: aging in place. Aging in Place (Generations and Aging). 1st ed. New York: Routledge; 2019. p.1-4. [Crossref]  [PMC] 
  34. Kehyayan V, Mahfoud Z, Ghuloum S, Marji T, Al-Amin H. Internalized stigma in persons with mental illness in qatar: a cross-sectional study. Front Public Health. 2021;9:685003. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 

.: Up To Date

.: Process List

Login

 Forgot your password?

 New Registration  

Contact

Ortadoğu Reklam Tanıtım Yayıncılık Turizm Eğitim İnşaat Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.

.: Address

Turkocagi Caddesi No:30 06520 Balgat / ANKARA
Phone: +90 312 286 56 56
Fax: +90 312 220 04 70
E-mail: info@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Manuscript Editing Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 2
E-mail: yaziisleri@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: English Language Redaction

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 145
E-mail: tkyayindestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Marketing Sales-Project Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 142
E-mail: reklam@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Subscription and Public Relations Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: abone@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Customer Services

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: satisdestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

1. TERMS OF USE

1.1. To use the web pages with http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name or the websites reached through the sub domain names attached to the domain name (They will be collectively referred as "SITE"), please read the conditions below. If you do not accept these terms, please cease to use the "SITE." "SITE" owner reserves the right to change the information on the website, forms, contents, the "SITE," "SITE" terms of use anytime they want.

1.2. The owner of the "SITE" is Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. (From now on it is going to be referred as "Turkiye Klinikleri", shortly) and it resides at Turkocagi cad. No:30, 06520 Balgat Ankara. The services in the "SITE" are provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.3. Anyone accessing the "SITE" with or without a fee whether they are a natural person or a legal identity is considered to agree these terms of use. In this contract hereby, "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the stated terms anytime. These changes will be published in the "SITE" periodically and they will be valid when they are published. Any natural person or legal identity benefiting from and reaching to the "SITE" are considered to be agreed to any change on hereby contract terms done by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.4. The "Terms of Use" hereby is published in the website with the last change on March 30th 2014 and the "SITE" is activated by enabling the access to everyone. The "Terms of Use" hereby is also a part of the any "USER Contract" was and/or will be done with the users using "Turkiye Klinikleri" services with or without a fee an inseparable.

2. DEFINITIONS

2.1. "SITE": A website offering different kind of services and context with a certain frame determined by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and it is accessible on-line on http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name and/or subdomains connected to the domain name.

2.2. USER: A natural person or a legal identity accessing to the "SITE" through online settings.

2.3. LINK: A link enabling to access to another website through the "SITE", the files, the context or through another website to the "SITE", the files and the context.

2.4. CONTEXT: Any visual, literary and auditory images published in the "Turkiye Klinikleri", "SITE" and/or any website or any accessible information, file, picture, number/figures, price, etc.

2.5. "USER CONTRACT": An electronically signed contract between a natural or a legal identity benefiting from special services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide and "Turkiye Klinikleri".

3. SCOPE OF THE SERVICES

3.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine the scope and quality of the services via the "SITE".

3.2. To benefit the services of "Turkiye Klinikleri" "SITE", the "USER" must deliver the features that will be specified by "Turkiye Klinikleri". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change this necessity any time single-sided.

3.3. Not for a limited number, the services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide through the "SITE" for a certain price or for free are;

- Providing scientific articles, books and informative publications for health industry.

- Providing structural, statistical and editorial support to article preparation stage for scientific journals.

4. GENERAL PROVISIONS

4.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine which of the services and contents provided in the "SITE" will be charged.

4.2. People benefiting from the services provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and using the website can use the "SITE" only according to the law and only for personal reasons. Users have the criminal and civil liability for every process and action they take in the "SITE". Every USER agrees, declares and undertakes that they will not proceed by any function or action infringement of rights of "Turkiye Klinikleri"s and/or other third parties', they are the exclusive right holder on usage, processing, storage, made public and revealing any written, visual or auditory information reported to Turkiye Klinikleri" and/or "SITE" to the third parties. "USER" agrees and undertakes that s/he will not duplicate, copy, distribute, process, the pictures, text, visual and auditory images, video clips, files, databases, catalogs and lists within the "SITE", s/he will not be using these actions or with other ways to compete with "Turkiye Klinikleri", directly or indirectly.

4.3. The services provided and the context published within the "SITE" by third parties is not under the responsibility of "Turkiye Klinikleri", institutions collaborated with "Turkiye Klinikleri", "Turkiye Klinikleri" employee and directors, "Turkiye Klinikleri" authorized salespeople. Commitment to accuracy and legality of the published information, context, visual and auditory images provided by any third party are under the full responsibility of the third party. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not promise and guarantee the safety, accuracy and legality of the services and context provided by a third party.

4.4. "USER"s cannot act against "Turkiye Klinikleri", other "USER"s and third parties by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" has no direct and/or indirect responsibility for any damage a third party suffered or will suffer regarding "USER"s actions on the "SITE" against the rules of the hereby "Terms of Use" and the law.

4.5. "USER"s accept and undertake that the information and context they provided to the "SITE" are accurate and legal. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is not liable and responsible for promising and guaranteeing the verification of the information and context transmitted to "Turkiye Klinikleri" by the "USER"s, or uploaded, changed and provided through the "SITE" by them and whether these information are safe, accurate and legal.

4.6. "USER"s agree and undertake that they will not perform any action leading to unfair competition, weakening the personal and commercial credit of "Turkiye Klinikleri" and a third party,  encroaching and attacking on personal rights within the "SITE" in accordance with the Turkish Commercial Code Law.

4.7. "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the right to change the services and the context within the "SITE"  anytime. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use this right without any notification and timelessly. "USER"s have to make the changes and/or corrections "Turkiye Klinikleri" required immediately. Any changes and/or corrections that are required by "Turkiye Klinikleri", may be made by "Turkiye Klinikleri" when needed. Any harm, criminal and civil liability resulted or will result from changes and/or corrections required by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and were not made on time by the "USER"s belongs completely to the users.

4.8. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may give links through the "SITE" to other websites and/or "CONTEXT"s and/or folders that are outside of their control and owned and run by third parties. These links are provided for ease of reference only and do not hold qualification for support the respective web SITE or the admin or declaration or guarantee for the information inside. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not hold any responsibility over the web-sites connected through the links on the "SITE", folders and context, the services or products on the websites provided through these links or their context.

4.9. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use the information provided to them by the "USERS" through the "SITE" in line with the terms of the "PRIVACY POLICY" and "USER CONTRACT". It may process the information or classify and save them on a database. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may also use the USER's or visitor's identity, address, e-mail address, phone number, IP number, which sections of the "SITE" they visited, domain type, browser type, date and time information to provide statistical evaluation and customized services.

5. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

5.1. The information accessed through this "SITE" or provided by the users legally and all the elements (including but not limited to design, text, image, html code and other codes) of the "SITE" (all of them will be called as studies tied to "Turkiye Klinikleri"s copyrights) belongs to "Turkiye Klinikleri". Users do not have the right to resell, process, share, distribute, display or give someone permission to access or to use the "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information and the products under copyright protection by "Turkiye Klinikleri". Within hereby "Terms of Use" unless explicitly permitted by "Turkiye Klinikleri" nobody can reproduce, process, distribute or produce or prepare any study from those under "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyright protection.

5.2. Within hereby "Terms of Use", "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the rights for "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information, the products associated with "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyrights, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trademarks, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trade looks or its all rights for other entity and information it has through this website unless it is explicitly authorized by "Turkiye Klinikleri".

6. CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF USE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com