Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Nursing Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
The Relationship Between Attitudes Toward Postgraduate Education, Academic Self-Efficacy and Academic Motivation of Nurses Pursuing Postgraduate Education: A Cross-Sectional Study
Lisansüstü Eğitim Alan Hemşirelerin Lisansüstü Eğitime Yönelik Tutumları, Akademik Öz Yeterlilikleri ve Akademik Motivasyonları Arasındaki İlişki: Kesitsel Çalışma
Olga İNCESUa , Betül SÖNMEZb
aİstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Skill Laboratory, İstanbul, Türkiye
aİstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Department of Nursing Management, İstanbul, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Nurs Sci. 2024;16(4):1121-31
doi: 10.5336/nurses.2024-102801
Article Language: EN
Full Text
ABSTRACT
 Objective: The study aimed to determine the relationship between attitudes towards postgraduate education, academic selfefficacy, and academic motivation in nurses pursuing postgraduate education. Material and Methods: A total of 331 nurses studying in nursing postgraduate education programs constituted the sample of the study, in which a cross-sectional research design was used. The data were collected between December 2022 and January 2023 using the Personal Information Form, Postgraduate Attitude Scale, Academic Self-Efficacy Scale and Academic Motivation Scale. Descriptive statistics, correlation and linear regression analysis were used in the analysis of the data. The hypotheses were tested using Hayes' PROCESS macro v4.1. Results: It was found that the participants' attitudes towards postgraduate education and academic motivation were high and their academic self-efficacy was above average. The direct effect between attitude towards postgraduate education, academic self-efficacy, and academic motivation was found to be significant. Academic selfefficacy had a partial indirect effect on the relationship between attitude towards postgraduate education and academic motivation. Conclusion: The results show that academic motivation will increase as positive attitude towards graduate education and academic self-efficacy increase. It underlines the importance of academic self-efficacy in postgraduate nursing students, as well as the necessity for its improvement. It is recommended to increase supervisor feedback and support to improve academic self-efficacy. In addition, improving the working conditions of postgraduate nursing students, and providing autonomy and promotion opportunities for them to make professional contributions will make a positive contribution to their academic motivation.

Keywords: Academic self-efficacy; academic motivation; attitude; postgraduate education; nursing students
ÖZET
 Amaç: Çalışmada, lisansüstü eğitim alan hemşirelerde lisansüstü eğitime yönelik tutum, akademik öz yeterlilik ve akademik motivasyon arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek amaçlandı. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Kesitsel araştırma tasarımının kullanıldığı çalışmada, hemşirelik lisansüstü eğitim programlarında öğrenim gören toplam 331 hemşire araştırmanın örneklemini oluşturdu. Veriler, Aralık 2022-Ocak 2023 tarihlerinde Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Lisansüstü Eğitime Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği, Akademik Öz Yeterlilik Ölçeği ve Akademik Motivasyon Ölçeği ile toplandı. Verilerin analizinde tanımlayıcı istatistikler, korelasyon ve lineer regresyon analizi (stepwise method) kullanıldı. Hipotezler, Hayes'in PROCESS v4.1 makrosu kullanılarak test edildi. Bulgular: Katılımcıların lisansüstü eğitime ilişkin tutum ve akademik motivasyonlarının yüksek ve akademik öz yeterliliklerinin ortalamanın üzerinde olduğu bulundu. Lisansüstü eğitime tutum, akademik öz yeterlilik ve akademik motivasyon arasında doğrudan etkinin anlamlı olduğu belirlendi. Akademik öz yeterliliğin lisansüstü eğitime tutum ve akademik motivasyon arasındaki ilişkide kısmi dolaylı etkisi bulundu. Sonuç: Lisansüstü eğitime ilişkin olumlu tutum ve akademik öz yeterlik arttıkça akademik motivasyonun arttığını göstermektedir. Lisansüstü eğitim alan hemşirelerde akademik öz yeterliğin önemini ve geliştirilmesi gerektiğinin altını çizmektedir. Akademik öz yeterliğin artırılması için danışman geri bildiriminin ve desteğinin arttırılması önerilmektedir. Ayrıca hemşirelik lisansüstü öğrencilerinin çalışma koşullarının iyileştirilmesi, mesleki katkı yapabilmeleri için özerklik ve yükselme olanaklarının sağlanması onların akademik motivasyonlarına olumlu katkı sağlayacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Akademik öz yeterlilik; akademik motivasyon; tutum; lisansüstü eğitim; hemşirelik öğrencileri
REFERENCES:
  1. Kinsella D, Fry M, Zecchin A. Motivational factors influencing nurses to undertake postgraduate hospital-based education. Nurse Educ Pract. 2018;31:54-60. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  2. Dobrowolska B, Chruściel P, Pilewska-Kozak A, Mianowana V, Monist M, Palese A. Doctoral programmes in the nursing discipline: a scoping review. BMC Nurs. 2021;20(1):228. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  3. Volkert D, Candela L, Bernacki M. Student motivation, stressors, and intent to leave nursing doctoral study: a national study using path analysis. Nurse Educ Today. 2018;61:210-5. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  4. Haftador AM, Shirazi F, Mohebbi Z. Online class or flipped-jigsaw learning? Which one promotes academic motivation during the COVID-19 pandemic? BMC Med Educ. 2021;21(1):499. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  5. Ryan RM, Deci EL. Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. Am Psychol. 2000;55(1):68-78. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  6. Grande RAN, Berdida DJE, Cruz JP, Cometa-Manalo RJ, Balace AB, Ramirez SH. Academic motivation and self-directed learning readiness of nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic in three countries: a cross-sectional study. Nurs Forum. 2022;57(3):382-92. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  7. Rafii F, Saeedi M, Parvizy S. Academic motivation in nursing students: a hybrid concept analysis. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2019;24(5):315-22. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  8. Vahedian-Azimi A, Moayed MS. The relationship between self-esteem and academic motivation among postgraduate nursing students: a cross-sectional study. Int J Behav Sci. 2021;15(1):113-9. [Crossref] 
  9. İncesu O. Self efficacy in nursing students: traditional review. CURARE-Journal of Nursing. 2024;(4):47-52. [Crossref] 
  10. Harel-Gadassi A. For whom is distance learning suitable? The relationship between distance learning, executive functions, and academic achievements. Universal Journal of Educational Research. 2022;10(2):129-36. [Crossref] 
  11. Bulfone G, Vellone E, Maurici M, Macale L, Alvaro R. Academic self-efficacy in Bachelor-level nursing students: development and validation of a new instrument. J Adv Nurs. 2020;76(1):398-408. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  12. Tiyuri A, Saberi B, Miri M, Shahrestanaki E, Bayat BB, Salehiniya H. Research self-efficacy and its relationship with academic performance in postgraduate students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2016. J Educ Health Promot. 2018;7:11. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  13. Faul F, Erdfelder E, Buchner A, Lang AG. Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behav Res Methods. 2009;41(4):1149-60. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  14. Ng LC, Tuckett AG, Fox-Young SK, Kain VJ. Exploring registered nurses' attitudes towards post graduate education in Australia-instrument development. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice. 2014;4(3):20-9. [Crossref] 
  15. İlter İ. Adaptation of the scale of postgraduate attitude into Turkish culture and examination of its psychometric properties. Elementary Education Online. 2019;18(1):263-84. [Crossref] 
  16. Jerusalem M, Schwarzer R. Fragebogen zur erfassung von" Selbstwirksamkeit. In: Schwarzer R, ed. Skalen zur Befindlichkeit und Persoenlichkeit (Forschungsbericht No. 5). Berlin: Freie Universitaet, Institut fuer Psychologie; 1981.
  17. Yılmaz M, Gürçay D, Ekici G. Akademik Özyeterlik Ölçeğinin Türkçe'ye uyarlanması [Adaptation of the Academic Self-Efficacy Scale to Turkish]. H. U. Journal of Education. 2007;33:253-9. [Link] 
  18. Uzdil N, Günaydın Y. The effect of sense of coherence on mindful attention awareness and academic self-efficacy in nursing students. Nurse Educ Pract. 2022;64:103429. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  19. Vallerand RJ, Pelletier LG, Blais MR, Brière NM, Senécal C, Vallières EF. The academic motivation scale: a measure of intrinsic, extrinsic, and amotivation in education. Educational and Psychological Measurement. 1992;52:1003-17. [Crossref] 
  20. Ünal Karagüven MH. 2012. The adaptation of academic motivation scale to Turkish. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice. 2012;12(4):2599-620. [Link] 
  21. Hayes AF. 2013. Model templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS. available date: [Cited: 15.02.2023]. Available from: [Link] 
  22. Satır G, Murat M. Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin lisansüstü eğitime yönelik tutumlarının belirlenmesi: vakıf üniversitesi örneği [Determination of nursing students' attitudes towards graduate education: a private university sample]. Journal of Ege University Nursing Faculty. 2021;37(1):59-67. [Link] 
  23. Sönmez B, Gül D, İspir Demir Ö, Emiralioğlu R, Erkmen T, Yıldırım A. Antecedents and outcomes of nurses' subjective career success: a path analysis. J Nurs Scholarsh. 2021;53(5):604-14. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  24. Wang Q, Xin Z, Zhang H, Du J, Wang M. The effect of the supervisor-student relationship on academic procrastination: the chain-mediating role of academic self-efficacy and learning adaptation. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(5):2621. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  25. Dikmen M, Ulupınar S. Farklı ülkelerdeki hemşirelikte doktora programlarının karşılaştırılması [Comparison of doctorate programs in nursing among different countries]. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi. 2022;15(2):207-18. [Crossref] 
  26. Bandura A. Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency. American Psychologist. 1982;37(2):122-47. [Crossref]  [PMC] 
  27. Resmî Gazete (19.4.2011, Sayı: 27910) sayılı Hemşirelik Yönetmeliğinde Değişiklik Yapılmasına Dair Yönetmelik; 2011. [Erişim tarihi: 5 Ocak 2024]. Erişim linki: [Link] 
  28. Gong J, Chen M, Li Q. The sources of research self-efficacy in postgraduate nursing students: a qualitative study. Healthcare (Basel). 2022;10(9):1712. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  29. Karahan Okuroğlu G. Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin klinik performanslarına ilişkin öz yeterliklerinin akademik öz yeterlikleri ve akademik başarıları ile ilişkisi: tanımlayıcı araştırma [The relationship between nursing students' self-efficacy regarding their clinical performance with their academic self-efficacy and academic achievement: descriptive study]. Turkiye Klinikleri J Nurs Sci. 2022;14(1):125-31. [Crossref] 
  30. Dreifuerst KT, McNelis AM, Weaver MT, Broome ME, Draucker CB, Fedko AS. Exploring the pursuit of doctoral education by nurses seeking or intending to stay in faculty roles. J Prof Nurs. 2016;32(3):202-12. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 

.: Up To Date

.: Process List

Login

 Forgot your password?

 New Registration  

Contact

Ortadoğu Reklam Tanıtım Yayıncılık Turizm Eğitim İnşaat Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.

.: Address

Turkocagi Caddesi No:30 06520 Balgat / ANKARA
Phone: +90 312 286 56 56
Fax: +90 312 220 04 70
E-mail: info@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Manuscript Editing Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 2
E-mail: yaziisleri@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: English Language Redaction

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 145
E-mail: tkyayindestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Marketing Sales-Project Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 142
E-mail: reklam@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Subscription and Public Relations Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: abone@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Customer Services

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: satisdestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

1. TERMS OF USE

1.1. To use the web pages with http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name or the websites reached through the sub domain names attached to the domain name (They will be collectively referred as "SITE"), please read the conditions below. If you do not accept these terms, please cease to use the "SITE." "SITE" owner reserves the right to change the information on the website, forms, contents, the "SITE," "SITE" terms of use anytime they want.

1.2. The owner of the "SITE" is Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. (From now on it is going to be referred as "Turkiye Klinikleri", shortly) and it resides at Turkocagi cad. No:30, 06520 Balgat Ankara. The services in the "SITE" are provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.3. Anyone accessing the "SITE" with or without a fee whether they are a natural person or a legal identity is considered to agree these terms of use. In this contract hereby, "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the stated terms anytime. These changes will be published in the "SITE" periodically and they will be valid when they are published. Any natural person or legal identity benefiting from and reaching to the "SITE" are considered to be agreed to any change on hereby contract terms done by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.4. The "Terms of Use" hereby is published in the website with the last change on March 30th 2014 and the "SITE" is activated by enabling the access to everyone. The "Terms of Use" hereby is also a part of the any "USER Contract" was and/or will be done with the users using "Turkiye Klinikleri" services with or without a fee an inseparable.

2. DEFINITIONS

2.1. "SITE": A website offering different kind of services and context with a certain frame determined by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and it is accessible on-line on http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name and/or subdomains connected to the domain name.

2.2. USER: A natural person or a legal identity accessing to the "SITE" through online settings.

2.3. LINK: A link enabling to access to another website through the "SITE", the files, the context or through another website to the "SITE", the files and the context.

2.4. CONTEXT: Any visual, literary and auditory images published in the "Turkiye Klinikleri", "SITE" and/or any website or any accessible information, file, picture, number/figures, price, etc.

2.5. "USER CONTRACT": An electronically signed contract between a natural or a legal identity benefiting from special services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide and "Turkiye Klinikleri".

3. SCOPE OF THE SERVICES

3.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine the scope and quality of the services via the "SITE".

3.2. To benefit the services of "Turkiye Klinikleri" "SITE", the "USER" must deliver the features that will be specified by "Turkiye Klinikleri". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change this necessity any time single-sided.

3.3. Not for a limited number, the services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide through the "SITE" for a certain price or for free are;

- Providing scientific articles, books and informative publications for health industry.

- Providing structural, statistical and editorial support to article preparation stage for scientific journals.

4. GENERAL PROVISIONS

4.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine which of the services and contents provided in the "SITE" will be charged.

4.2. People benefiting from the services provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and using the website can use the "SITE" only according to the law and only for personal reasons. Users have the criminal and civil liability for every process and action they take in the "SITE". Every USER agrees, declares and undertakes that they will not proceed by any function or action infringement of rights of "Turkiye Klinikleri"s and/or other third parties', they are the exclusive right holder on usage, processing, storage, made public and revealing any written, visual or auditory information reported to Turkiye Klinikleri" and/or "SITE" to the third parties. "USER" agrees and undertakes that s/he will not duplicate, copy, distribute, process, the pictures, text, visual and auditory images, video clips, files, databases, catalogs and lists within the "SITE", s/he will not be using these actions or with other ways to compete with "Turkiye Klinikleri", directly or indirectly.

4.3. The services provided and the context published within the "SITE" by third parties is not under the responsibility of "Turkiye Klinikleri", institutions collaborated with "Turkiye Klinikleri", "Turkiye Klinikleri" employee and directors, "Turkiye Klinikleri" authorized salespeople. Commitment to accuracy and legality of the published information, context, visual and auditory images provided by any third party are under the full responsibility of the third party. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not promise and guarantee the safety, accuracy and legality of the services and context provided by a third party.

4.4. "USER"s cannot act against "Turkiye Klinikleri", other "USER"s and third parties by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" has no direct and/or indirect responsibility for any damage a third party suffered or will suffer regarding "USER"s actions on the "SITE" against the rules of the hereby "Terms of Use" and the law.

4.5. "USER"s accept and undertake that the information and context they provided to the "SITE" are accurate and legal. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is not liable and responsible for promising and guaranteeing the verification of the information and context transmitted to "Turkiye Klinikleri" by the "USER"s, or uploaded, changed and provided through the "SITE" by them and whether these information are safe, accurate and legal.

4.6. "USER"s agree and undertake that they will not perform any action leading to unfair competition, weakening the personal and commercial credit of "Turkiye Klinikleri" and a third party,  encroaching and attacking on personal rights within the "SITE" in accordance with the Turkish Commercial Code Law.

4.7. "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the right to change the services and the context within the "SITE"  anytime. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use this right without any notification and timelessly. "USER"s have to make the changes and/or corrections "Turkiye Klinikleri" required immediately. Any changes and/or corrections that are required by "Turkiye Klinikleri", may be made by "Turkiye Klinikleri" when needed. Any harm, criminal and civil liability resulted or will result from changes and/or corrections required by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and were not made on time by the "USER"s belongs completely to the users.

4.8. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may give links through the "SITE" to other websites and/or "CONTEXT"s and/or folders that are outside of their control and owned and run by third parties. These links are provided for ease of reference only and do not hold qualification for support the respective web SITE or the admin or declaration or guarantee for the information inside. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not hold any responsibility over the web-sites connected through the links on the "SITE", folders and context, the services or products on the websites provided through these links or their context.

4.9. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use the information provided to them by the "USERS" through the "SITE" in line with the terms of the "PRIVACY POLICY" and "USER CONTRACT". It may process the information or classify and save them on a database. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may also use the USER's or visitor's identity, address, e-mail address, phone number, IP number, which sections of the "SITE" they visited, domain type, browser type, date and time information to provide statistical evaluation and customized services.

5. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

5.1. The information accessed through this "SITE" or provided by the users legally and all the elements (including but not limited to design, text, image, html code and other codes) of the "SITE" (all of them will be called as studies tied to "Turkiye Klinikleri"s copyrights) belongs to "Turkiye Klinikleri". Users do not have the right to resell, process, share, distribute, display or give someone permission to access or to use the "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information and the products under copyright protection by "Turkiye Klinikleri". Within hereby "Terms of Use" unless explicitly permitted by "Turkiye Klinikleri" nobody can reproduce, process, distribute or produce or prepare any study from those under "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyright protection.

5.2. Within hereby "Terms of Use", "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the rights for "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information, the products associated with "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyrights, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trademarks, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trade looks or its all rights for other entity and information it has through this website unless it is explicitly authorized by "Turkiye Klinikleri".

6. CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF USE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com