Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Nursing Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
The Process of Recovery from Schizophrenia: A Qualitative, Systematic Review
Şizofreni Hastalarında İyileşme Süreci: Nitel, Sistematik Derleme
Olcay ÇAMa, Nihan DURGUb, Cansu GÜLERa
aEge University Faculty of Nursing, Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing, İzmir, TURKEY
bManisa Celal Bayar University Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Mental Health Diseases and Psychiatric Nursing, Manisa, TURKEY
Turkiye Klinikleri J Nurs Sci. 2020;12(2):244-56
doi: 10.5336/nurses.2019-72016
Article Language: EN
Full Text
ABSTRACT
 Objective: The aim of this study is to identify and systematically examine the qualitative studies investigating the recovery processes of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia. Material and Methods: The study was conducted by checking the Science Direct, Scopus, Springer Link, Ebscohost, Web of Science and Pubmed databases in January 2018. The database research was performed in English using 'schizophrenia, recovery, well-being, healing, qualitative' keywords. Fourteen studies were included in this study. The content analysis of the subjects included in the research, sub-themes, theme contents and participant expressions were carried out. Results: The recovery process were collected under these themes; attitudes of professionals, the attitude of family and community, opinions towards treatment, factors affecting recovery positively, factors affecting recovery negatively, meaning of recovery. Conclusion: The recovery process of schizophrenia, a chronic disease affecting all living areas, was influenced by many factors such as family, environment, Professional team, self-perception. In the light of these results, it is suggested that professionals should balance the individual's social support systems, create a therapeutic environment in hospital conditions, help the individual to reveal their potentials and powers.

Keywords: Mental health; recovery; schizophrenia; qualitative research; systematic review
ÖZET
 Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, şizofreni tanısı alan bireylerin iyileşme süreçlerinin araştırıldığı kalitatif çalışmaları tanımlamak ve sistematik olarak incelemektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Araştırma, Ocak 2018 tarihinde Science Direct, Scopus, Springer Link, Ebscohost, Web of Science ve Pubmed veri tabanları kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Tarama yapılırken 'schizophrenia, recovery, well-being, healing, qualitative' anahtar sözcükleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırmaya 14 çalışma dahil edilmiştir. Araştırmaya dahil edilen çalışmaların temaları, alt temaları, tema içerikleri ve katılımcıların ifadeleri üzerinden içerik analizi yapılmıştır. Bulgular: Araştırmaya dahil edilen makalelerin analizine göre; şizofreni tanısı almış bireylerde iyileşme süreci; profesyonellerin tutumu, ailenin ve çevrenin tutumu, tedaviye yönelik görüşler, iyileşmeyi olumlu etkileyen faktörler; iyileşmeyi olumsuz etkileyen faktörler ve iyileşmenin anlamı temaları altında toplanmıştır. Sonuç: Tüm yaşam alanlarını etkileyen kronik bir hastalık olan şizofrenide iyileşme sürecinin aile, çevre, profesyonel ekip, benlik algısı gibi birçok faktörden etkilendiği gösterilmiştir. Bu sonuçlar doğrultusunda, hemşirelerin bireyin sosyal destek sistemleri arasındaki dengeyi sağlaması, hastane koşullarında terapötik ortam oluşturması, bireyin potansiyel ve güçlerini ortaya çıkarmada yardımcı olması önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Ruh sağlığı; iyileşme, şizofreni; nitel araştırma; sistematik derleme
REFERENCES:
  1. Çam O, Engin E. [Mental health and diseases nursing: the art of care]. Ruh Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Hemşireliği: Bakım Sanatı. 1. Baskı. İstanbul: İstanbul Tıp Kitabevi; 2014. p.413-46.
  2. Anthony WA. Recovery from mental illness: the guiding vision of the mental health service system in the 1990s. Psychosocial Rehabilitation Journal. 1993;16(4):11-23. [Crossref] 
  3. Romano DM, McCay E, Goering P, Boydell K, Zipursky R. Reshaping an enduring sense of self: the process of recovery from a first episode of schizophrenia. Early Interv Psychiatry. 2010;4(3):243-50. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  4. Çam O, Yalçıner N. Mental illness and recovery. J Psychiatr Nurs. 2018;9(1):55-60.
  5. Cohen AN, Hamilton AB, Saks ER, Glover DL, Glynn SM, Brekke JS, et al. How occupationally high-achieving individuals with a diagnosis of schizophrenia manage their symptoms. Psychiatr Serv. 2017;68(4):324-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  6. Soygür H, Yüksel MM, Eraslan P, Özden SA. [Lessons learned from experiencing Mavi At Café (Blue Horse Café) during six years: a qualitative analysis of factors contributing to recovery from the perspective of schizophrenia patients]. Turk Psikiyatri Derg. 2017;28(2):75-80.
  7. Centre for Reviews and Dissemination. Systematic Reviews: CRD's Guidance for Undertaking Reviews in Health Care. 3rd ed. York: York Publishing Services Ltd; 2008. p.281.
  8. Dixon-Woods M, Bonas A, Booth A, Jones DR, Miller T, Sutton AJ, et al. How can systematic reviews incorporate qualitative research? A critical perspective. Qual Res. 2006;6(1):27-44. [Crossref] 
  9. Critical Appraisal Skills Programme. CASP Qualitative Checklist; 2018. p.6. [online] Available at: https://casp-uk.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/CASP-Qualitative-Checklist-2018.pdf. Accessed: 10 May 2018.
  10. Eisenstadt P, Monteiro VB, Diniz MA, Chaves AC. Experience of recovery from a first-episode psychosis. Early Interv Psychiatry. 2012;6(4):476-80. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  11. Jenkins JH, Carpenter-Song E. The new paradigm of recovery from schizophrenia: cultural conundrums of improvement without cure. Cult Med Psychiatry. 2005;29(4):379-413. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  12. Nowak I, Waszkiewicz J, Świtaj P, Sokół-Szawlowska M, Anczewska M. A qualitative study of the subjective appraisal of recovery among people with lived experience of schizophrenia in Poland. Psychiatr Q. 2017;88(3):435-46. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  13. Petrus NG, Chun RK, Tsun A. Recovering from hallucinations: a qualitative study of coping with voices hearing of people with schizophrenia in Hong Kong. ScientificWorldJournal. 2012;5:1-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  14. Roger MK, Pearson V, Lam M, Chiu CP, Chen EY. What does recovery from schizophrenia mean? Perceptions of long term patients. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2008;54(2):118-30. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  15. Tooth B, Kalyanasundaram V, Glover H, Momenzadah S. Factors consumers identify as important to recovery from schizophrenia. Australasian Psychiatry. 2003;11(1):70-7. [Crossref] 
  16. Williams CC, Tufford L. Professional competencies for promoting recovery in mental illness. Psychiatry. 2012;75(2):190-201. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  17. Virdee G, Frederick T, Tarasoff LA, McKenzie K, Davidson L, Kidd SA. Community participation within the context of recovery: multiple perspectives on South Asians with schizophrenia. Int J Cult Ment Health. 2017;10(2):150-63. [Crossref] 
  18. Jager A, Rhodes P, Beavan V, Holmes D, McCabe K, Thomas N, et al. Investigating the lived experience of recovery in people who hear voices. Qual Health Res. 2016;26(10):1409-23. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  19. Lee KK, Yamada AM, Kim MA, Dinh TQ. Interdepent recovery of adults with schizophrenia: Asian American consumer perspectives of family involvement and influence. Psychiatr Rehabil J. 2015;38(3):273-5. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  20. Mizuno E, Iwasaki M, Sakai I, Kamizawa N. Experiences of community-dwelling persons recovering from severe mental illness. Arch Psychiatr Nurs. 2015;29(2):127-31. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  21. Saillard EK. [Psychiatrist views on stigmatization toward people with mental illness and recommendations]. Turk Psikiyatri Derg. 2010;21(1):14-24.
  22. Leese D, Smithies L, Green J. Recovery-focused practice in mental health. Nurs Times. 2014;110(12):20-2.
  23. Shanley E, Jubb-Shanley M. The recovery alliance theory of mental health nursing. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs. 2007;14(8):734-43. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  24. Aston V, Coffey M. Recovery: what mental health nurses and service users say about the concept of recovery. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs. 2012;19(3):257-63. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  25. Borg M, Kristiansen K. Recovery-oriented professionals: helping relationships in mental health services. J Ment Health. 2004;13(5):493-505. [Crossref] 
  26. Gürhan N. [Recovery and recovery models in mental disorders]. Çıtak A, editör. Ruh Sağlığı ve Psikiyatri Hemşireliği. 1. Baskı. Ankara: Nobel Tıp Yayınevi; 2016. p.269-87.
  27. Jacob KS. Recovery model of mental illness: a complementary approach to psychiatric care. Indian J Psychol Med. 2015;37(2):117-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  28. Kaewprom C, Curtis J, Deane P. Factors involved in recovery from schizophrenia: a qualitative study of Thai mental health nurses. Nurs Health Sci. 2011;13(3):323-7. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  29. Kidd S, Kenny A, McKinstry C. The meaning of recovery in a regional mental health service: an action research study. J Adv Nurs. 2014;71(1):181-92. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  30. Zou H, Li Z, Nolan M, Wang H, Hu L. Self management among Chinese people with schizoprenia and their caregivers: a qualitative study. Arch Psychiatr Nurs. 2013;27(1):42-53. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  31. Wilson JM, Hutson SP, Holston EC. Participant satisfaction with Wellness Recovery Action Plan (WRAP). Issues Ment Health Nurs. 2013;34(12):846-54. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  32. Knutson MB, Newberry S, Schaper A. Recovery education: a tool for psychiatric nurses. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs. 2013;20(10):874-81. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  33. İpçi K, İncedere A, Kiras F, Yıldız M. [An examination of the relationship between subjective recovery and cognitive insight in patients with schizophrenia]. Journal of Health Sciences of Kocaeli University. 2018;4(1):1-4.
  34. Fredericab W, Delaney R The recovery movement: defining evidence-based processes. Arch Psychiatr Nurs. 2007;21(3):172-5. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  35. Corrigan PW, Salzer M, Ralph RO, Sangster Y, Keck L. Examining the factor structure of the recovery assessment scale. Schizophr Bull. 2004;30(4):1035-41. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  36. Jacobson N, Greenley D. What is recovery? A conceptual model and explication. Psychiatr Serv. 2001;52(4):482-5. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  37. Norman I, Ryrie I. The Art and Science of Mental Health Nursing. 2nd ed. New York: Open University Press; 2008. p.744.
  38. Sun FK, Long A, Tsao LI, Huang HM. The healing process following a suicide attempt: context and intervening conditions. Arch Psychiatr Nurs. 2014;28(1):55-61. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  39. Lunt A. A theory of recovery. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv. 2002;40(12):32-9.
  40. Watkins PN. Recovery: A Guide for Mental Health Practioners. 1st ed. UK: Elsevier Science; 2007. p.180.

.: Up To Date

.: Process List

Login

 Forgot your password?

 New Registration  

Contact

Ortadoğu Reklam Tanıtım Yayıncılık Turizm Eğitim İnşaat Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.

.: Address

Turkocagi Caddesi No:30 06520 Balgat / ANKARA
Phone: +90 312 286 56 56
Fax: +90 312 220 04 70
E-mail: info@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Manuscript Editing Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 2
E-mail: yaziisleri@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: English Language Redaction

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 145
E-mail: tkyayindestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Marketing Sales-Project Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 142
E-mail: reklam@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Subscription and Public Relations Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: abone@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Customer Services

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: satisdestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

1. TERMS OF USE

1.1. To use the web pages with http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name or the websites reached through the sub domain names attached to the domain name (They will be collectively referred as "SITE"), please read the conditions below. If you do not accept these terms, please cease to use the "SITE." "SITE" owner reserves the right to change the information on the website, forms, contents, the "SITE," "SITE" terms of use anytime they want.

1.2. The owner of the "SITE" is Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. (From now on it is going to be referred as "Turkiye Klinikleri", shortly) and it resides at Turkocagi cad. No:30, 06520 Balgat Ankara. The services in the "SITE" are provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.3. Anyone accessing the "SITE" with or without a fee whether they are a natural person or a legal identity is considered to agree these terms of use. In this contract hereby, "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the stated terms anytime. These changes will be published in the "SITE" periodically and they will be valid when they are published. Any natural person or legal identity benefiting from and reaching to the "SITE" are considered to be agreed to any change on hereby contract terms done by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.4. The "Terms of Use" hereby is published in the website with the last change on March 30th 2014 and the "SITE" is activated by enabling the access to everyone. The "Terms of Use" hereby is also a part of the any "USER Contract" was and/or will be done with the users using "Turkiye Klinikleri" services with or without a fee an inseparable.

2. DEFINITIONS

2.1. "SITE": A website offering different kind of services and context with a certain frame determined by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and it is accessible on-line on http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name and/or subdomains connected to the domain name.

2.2. USER: A natural person or a legal identity accessing to the "SITE" through online settings.

2.3. LINK: A link enabling to access to another website through the "SITE", the files, the context or through another website to the "SITE", the files and the context.

2.4. CONTEXT: Any visual, literary and auditory images published in the "Turkiye Klinikleri", "SITE" and/or any website or any accessible information, file, picture, number/figures, price, etc.

2.5. "USER CONTRACT": An electronically signed contract between a natural or a legal identity benefiting from special services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide and "Turkiye Klinikleri".

3. SCOPE OF THE SERVICES

3.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine the scope and quality of the services via the "SITE".

3.2. To benefit the services of "Turkiye Klinikleri" "SITE", the "USER" must deliver the features that will be specified by "Turkiye Klinikleri". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change this necessity any time single-sided.

3.3. Not for a limited number, the services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide through the "SITE" for a certain price or for free are;

- Providing scientific articles, books and informative publications for health industry.

- Providing structural, statistical and editorial support to article preparation stage for scientific journals.

4. GENERAL PROVISIONS

4.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine which of the services and contents provided in the "SITE" will be charged.

4.2. People benefiting from the services provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and using the website can use the "SITE" only according to the law and only for personal reasons. Users have the criminal and civil liability for every process and action they take in the "SITE". Every USER agrees, declares and undertakes that they will not proceed by any function or action infringement of rights of "Turkiye Klinikleri"s and/or other third parties', they are the exclusive right holder on usage, processing, storage, made public and revealing any written, visual or auditory information reported to Turkiye Klinikleri" and/or "SITE" to the third parties. "USER" agrees and undertakes that s/he will not duplicate, copy, distribute, process, the pictures, text, visual and auditory images, video clips, files, databases, catalogs and lists within the "SITE", s/he will not be using these actions or with other ways to compete with "Turkiye Klinikleri", directly or indirectly.

4.3. The services provided and the context published within the "SITE" by third parties is not under the responsibility of "Turkiye Klinikleri", institutions collaborated with "Turkiye Klinikleri", "Turkiye Klinikleri" employee and directors, "Turkiye Klinikleri" authorized salespeople. Commitment to accuracy and legality of the published information, context, visual and auditory images provided by any third party are under the full responsibility of the third party. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not promise and guarantee the safety, accuracy and legality of the services and context provided by a third party.

4.4. "USER"s cannot act against "Turkiye Klinikleri", other "USER"s and third parties by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" has no direct and/or indirect responsibility for any damage a third party suffered or will suffer regarding "USER"s actions on the "SITE" against the rules of the hereby "Terms of Use" and the law.

4.5. "USER"s accept and undertake that the information and context they provided to the "SITE" are accurate and legal. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is not liable and responsible for promising and guaranteeing the verification of the information and context transmitted to "Turkiye Klinikleri" by the "USER"s, or uploaded, changed and provided through the "SITE" by them and whether these information are safe, accurate and legal.

4.6. "USER"s agree and undertake that they will not perform any action leading to unfair competition, weakening the personal and commercial credit of "Turkiye Klinikleri" and a third party,  encroaching and attacking on personal rights within the "SITE" in accordance with the Turkish Commercial Code Law.

4.7. "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the right to change the services and the context within the "SITE"  anytime. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use this right without any notification and timelessly. "USER"s have to make the changes and/or corrections "Turkiye Klinikleri" required immediately. Any changes and/or corrections that are required by "Turkiye Klinikleri", may be made by "Turkiye Klinikleri" when needed. Any harm, criminal and civil liability resulted or will result from changes and/or corrections required by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and were not made on time by the "USER"s belongs completely to the users.

4.8. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may give links through the "SITE" to other websites and/or "CONTEXT"s and/or folders that are outside of their control and owned and run by third parties. These links are provided for ease of reference only and do not hold qualification for support the respective web SITE or the admin or declaration or guarantee for the information inside. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not hold any responsibility over the web-sites connected through the links on the "SITE", folders and context, the services or products on the websites provided through these links or their context.

4.9. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use the information provided to them by the "USERS" through the "SITE" in line with the terms of the "PRIVACY POLICY" and "USER CONTRACT". It may process the information or classify and save them on a database. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may also use the USER's or visitor's identity, address, e-mail address, phone number, IP number, which sections of the "SITE" they visited, domain type, browser type, date and time information to provide statistical evaluation and customized services.

5. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

5.1. The information accessed through this "SITE" or provided by the users legally and all the elements (including but not limited to design, text, image, html code and other codes) of the "SITE" (all of them will be called as studies tied to "Turkiye Klinikleri"s copyrights) belongs to "Turkiye Klinikleri". Users do not have the right to resell, process, share, distribute, display or give someone permission to access or to use the "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information and the products under copyright protection by "Turkiye Klinikleri". Within hereby "Terms of Use" unless explicitly permitted by "Turkiye Klinikleri" nobody can reproduce, process, distribute or produce or prepare any study from those under "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyright protection.

5.2. Within hereby "Terms of Use", "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the rights for "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information, the products associated with "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyrights, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trademarks, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trade looks or its all rights for other entity and information it has through this website unless it is explicitly authorized by "Turkiye Klinikleri".

6. CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF USE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com