Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Sports Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
The Effect of Aerobic Exercise (Swimming) and Oral Contraceptives on Some Hormonal Variables According to Age and Childbirth: Analytical Study
Aerobik Egzersiz (Yüzme) ve Oral Kontraseptiflerin Yaş ve Çocuk Doğurmaya Göre Bazı Hormonal Değişkenlere Etkisi: Analitik Çalışma
Guebli ABDELKADERa, Yağmur KOCAOĞLUb, Sahioualdi BOUCHRA c, Francisco Jeci de HOLANDAd, Nurtekin ERKMENb, Reguieg MADANIe, Zerf MOHAMMEDf
aLaboratory APS, Society, Education, and Health, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Hassiba Benbouali University of Chlef, Algeria
bDepartment of Trainer Education Program, Selçuk University Faculty of Sports Sciences, Konya, Türkiye
cDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Djillali Liabes University of Sidi Bel Abbes, Algeria
dDepartment of Physical Education, UNIPLAN, Brazil
eSMAH Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Abdelhamid Ibn Badiss University of Mostaganem, Algeria
fOPAPS Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Abdelhamid Ibn Badiss University of Mostaganem, Algeria
Turkiye Klinikleri J Sports Sci. 2022;14(1):22-30
doi: 10.5336/sportsci.2021-84117
Article Language: EN
Full Text
ABSTRACT
 Objective: This study aims to examine the effect of aerobic exercise (AE) (swimming) and oral contraceptives (OCs) on some hormonal variables according to the variables of age and childbirth through analyzing the parameters of weight, body mass index (BMI), triglycerides, cholesterol, glucose and progesterone. Material and Methods: Our study includes a sample of 16 married women (between 20-30 years of age). The sample were enrolled in the same-discipline, and were divided in 2 groups, the 1st group (G1) has kids while the 2nd group (G2) does not. The subjects have been taking OCs (3rd generation; Meliane®, Microgynon®) for at least the last 6 months, and they haven't been pregnant for the last year. AE (swimming) was practiced 2-3 times/week for 75 min maximal in moderate-intensity, for 13 weeks. The changes in hormonal parameters (pre- and post- intervention) were measured. The data were analyzed by SPSS 22.0 program, descriptive statistics (mean±standard deviation), Student's t and ANOVA tests. Results: The results showed that most parameters including weight and BMI (p≤0.005), progesterone (p≤0.001) changed significantly in postintervention in comparison to pre-intervention for both groups. Cholesterol and glucose (p≤0.05) changed for G2. In addition, progesterone in post-intervention changed significantly between the 2 groups (p≤0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, the results confirm that the variables of age and childbirth do effect the hormonal values of women during the period of taking OCs especially in progesterone hormone which has implications for the shape of women's body. Therefore, we propose that practicing AE such as swimming is a safe and useful method for the stability of hormone values in the normal and ideal level. This practise aids in preventing obesity, the risk of developing heart disease, and artery disease for women in realtion to the factors of aging and childbirth.

Keywords: Women; oral contraceptives (pills); swim; hormonal parameters; childbirth
ÖZET
 Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı aerobik egzersizin (AE)(yüzme) ve oral kontraseptiflerin (OK) yaş ve çocuk doğurma gibi değişkenlere göre bazı hormonal değişkenler üzerindeki etkilerini vücut ağırlığı, beden kitle indeksi (BKİ), trigliserid, kolesterol, glukoz ve progesteron parametrelerini incelemek suretiyle araştırmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmamızın örneklemini (20-30 yaşları arasında) 16 evli kadın oluşturmuştur. Örneklem aynı disiplinde alınmıştır ve 2 gruba ayrılmıştır, 1.gruptakilerin (G1) çocuğu varken 2.gruptakilerin (G2) yoktur. Katılımcılar en az 6 aydır OK (3.kuşak; Meliane®, Microgynon®) almaktaydılar ve son 1 yıl içinde gebelik yaşamamışlardı. On üç haftadır haftada 2-3 kez, orta yoğunlukta, en fazla 75 dak olmak üzere aerobik egzersiz (yüzme) yapıldı. Hormonal parametrelerdeki değişiklikler (girişim öncesi ve sonrası) ölçüldü. Veriler SPSS 22.0 programı, tanımlayıcı istatistikler (ortalama standart sapma), Student t-testi ve ANOVA testleri ile incelendi. Bulgular: Sonuçlar vücut ağırlığı ve BKİ (p≤0.005), progesteron (p≤0.001) gibi çoğu parametrenin her iki grupta girişim öncesi değerlere göre girişim sonrasında anlamlı olarak değiştiğini göstermiştir. G2'de kolesterol ve glukoz değişmiştir (p≤0.05). Sonuç: Sonuç olarak, bulgular yaş ve çocuk doğurma değişkenlerinin kadınların OK kullandıkları süreçte hormonal değerleri, özellikle kadın vücudunun şekillenmesinde etkileri olan progesteron hormonunu etkilediğini doğrulamaktadır. Bu nedenle, yüzme gibi AE yapmanın hormon düzeylerinin normal ve ideal düzeylerde kalması için güvenilir ve faydalı bir yöntem olduğunu düşünüyoruz. Bu uygulama kadınlarda yaşlanma ve çocuk doğurma ile ilişkili olarak obezitenin önlenmesi, kalp hastalığı ve arter hastalığı gelişim riskini önlemeye yardımcı olur.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Kadınlar; oral kontraseptifler (hap); yüzme; hormonal parametreler; çocuk doğurma
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