Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Health Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
The Attitudes of Employers Towards Stuttering and People Who Stutter: Descriptive Research
İşverenlerin Kekemeliğe ve Kekemeliği Olan Bireylere Yönelik Tutumu: Tanımlayıcı Araştırma
Ayhan ÇAĞLAYANa, Ramazan Sertan ÖZDEMİRb
aDepartment of Language and Speech Therapy, Anadolu University Faculty of Health Sciences, Eskişehir, Türkiye
bDepartment of Language and Speech Therapy, İstanbul Medipol University Faculty of Health Sciences, İstanbul, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Health Sci. 2022;7(2):339-48
doi: 10.5336/healthsci.2021-84148
Article Language: EN
Full Text
ABSTRACT
 Objective: This study is designed to put forth how stuttering -as a disorder- and people who stutter (PWS) are perceived by employers in Türkiye and reveal attitudes of employers toward PWS in consideration of gender and educational status. The current study also investigates different responses of employers in 5 business areas (health service, education service, factory/company, cafe/restaurant, and store) and the general impression of employers toward PWS and people with a physical disability. Material and Methods: One hundred and eighteen employers from 5 business areas in İzmir were contacted and the data were analyzed by using the convenience sampling method. The Public Opinion Survey of Human AttributesStuttering (POSHA-S) is used as a measuring instrument. POSHA-S samples various beliefs, reactions, behaviors, and emotions that can identify social ignorance, stigmatization, and/or discrimination towards stuttering. Results: Employers consider PWS to be shy, timid, angry, and easily excitable. It has been found that employers have negative attitudes toward PWS, and stuttering is an undesirable quality for employers. No significant difference was found between the 5 business areas, different educational statuses and genders, and similar negative attitudes were observed (p>0.05). Furthermore, employers have more negative attitudes toward PWS than they have toward people with a physical disability. Conclusion: There are similar negative attitudes and stigmatization towards stuttering and PWS by employers regardless of business area, age, gender, and educational status. For this reason, PWS will likely have difficulties in employment and maintaining the job, and this will negatively affect the lives of individuals.

Keywords: Stigmatization; employer; stuttering; POSHA-S; attitude
ÖZET
 Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, kekemeliğin ve kekeleyen bireylerin ülkemizdeki işverenler tarafından nasıl algılandığını ve işverenlerin kekeleyen bireylere yönelik tutumlarını cinsiyet ve eğitim durumu değişkenlerini göz önünde bulundurarak araştırmak olup; ayrıca 5 iş alanı (sağlık hizmeti, eğitim hizmeti, fabrika/şirket, kafe/restoran ve mağaza) işverenleri arasındaki yanıt farklılıklarını ve bu alanlardaki işverenlerin, kekemeliği olan bireyler ile bedensel engeli olan bireylere yönelik genel izlenimlerini belirlemektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Uygunluk örnekleme yöntemiyle İzmir'de 5 iş alanından 118 işverene ulaşılmış, veriler kolayda analiz yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. Ölçme aracı olarak İnsan Özellikleri Kamuoyu Anketi-Kekemelik [The Public Opinion Survey of Human Attributes- Stuttering (POSHA-S)] kullanılmıştır. POSHA-S, toplumsal bilgisizlik, damgalama ve/ veya ayrımcılığı belirleyebilecek çeşitli inanç, tepki, davranış ve duyguları örneklemektedir. Bulgular: İşverenler, kekemeliği olan bireylerin genel olarak utangaç, çekingen, sinirli ve kolay heyecanlanabilir olduklarını düşünmektedir. İşverenlerin, kekemeliği olan bireylere yönelik olumsuz tutumlara sahip olduğu ve kekemeliğin, işverenler tarafından istenmeyen bir özellik olduğu bulunmuştur. Beş iş alanı, farklı eğitim durumları ve cinsiyetler arasında benzer olumsuz tutumlar olduğu görülmüş ve aralarında anlamlı fark bulunmamıştır (p>0,05). Ayrıca işverenlerin, kekemeliği olan bireylere yönelik bedensel engeli olan bireylere olandan daha olumsuz izlenime sahip oldukları görülmüştür. Sonuç: İşverenler tarafından iş alanı, yaş, cinsiyet ve eğitim durumu fark etmeksizin kekemeliğe ve kekemeliği olan bireylere yönelik benzer olumsuz tutumlar ve damgalamalar söz konusudur. Bu nedenle kekemeliği olan bireylerin, istihdam ve işi sürdürme konularında zorluklar yaşayacağı ve bu durumun, bireylerin yaşamını olumsuz yönde etkileyeceği olası

Anahtar Kelimeler: Damgalama; işveren; kekemelik; POSHA-S; tutum
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