Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the survival outcomes in elderly patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in our series. Materials and Methods: From January 2010 to June 2019, 174 patients with renal cell carcinoma who underwent surgery in our institution were analyzed. Age, gender, history, presentation, tumor size,tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) stage, histologic subtype and Fuhrman grade of the patients were recorded. Patients were divided into two groups with the cut off value 70 of age. Group 1 was defined as the patients below the 70 years of age, whereas, Group 2 was defined as the patients 70 years of age and older. Results: One hundred three patients were in Group 1 and 71 patients were in Group 2. Mean disease-specific survival(DSS) time was 140.3±6.7 months in Group 1, while it was 105.3±7.9 months in Group 2 (p=0.061). Mean overall survival time (OAS) was 132.0±7.5 months in Group 1 and 95.2±8.3 months in Group 2 (p=0.046). Actuarial estimated disease-specific survival at 5 years was 88.5% in Group 1and 78.1 % in Group 2 (p=0.061). Actuarial estimated overall survival at 5 years was 83.0% in Group 1 and 70.7 % in Group 2 (p=0.046). In multivariate Cox regression analysis, T stage and Fuhrman grade were independent prognostic factors for survival. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that there was no statistically significant difference in disease-specific survival rates between elderly patients with RCC, those compared with younger ones. Our findings recommend that surgery may be an option for older patients with RCC to avoid the potential hazard.
Keywords: Age factor; elderly; kidney; renal cell carcinoma; survival
Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı, serimizdeki renal hücreli karsinomlu (RHK) yaşlı hastalarda sağkalım sonuçlarını araştırmaktı. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Ocak 2010-Haziran 2019 tarihleri arasında kurumumuzda cerrahi uygulanan 174 renal hücre karsinomlu hasta analiz edildi. Hastaların yaş, cinsiyet, öykü, prezentasyon, tümör büyüklüğü, tümör, nodül, metastaz (TNM) evresi, histolojik alt tip ve Fuhrman derecesi kaydedildi. Hastalar eşik değeri 70 yaş olan iki gruba ayrıldı. Grup 1, 70 yaşın altındaki hastalar olarak tanımlanırken, Grup 2, 70 yaş ve üstü hastalar olarak tanımlandı. Bulgular: Yüz üç hasta Grup 1'de ve 71 hasta Grup 2'de idi. Grup 1'in ortalama yaşı 56,9±10,2 ve Grup 2'nin ise 77,0±5,2 idi (p <0,001). Gruplar arasında cinsiyet dağılımı açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark yoktu (p=0,643). Ortalama hastalığa özgü sağkalım (HÖS) süresi Grup 1'de 140,3±6,7 ay iken Grup 2'de 105,3±7,9 ay idi (p=0,061). Ortalama genel sağkalım (GS) süresi Grup 1'de 132,0±7,5 ay ve Grup 2'de 95,2±8,3 ay idi (p=0,046). Beş yıllık hastalığa özgü sağkalım oranı Grup 1'de %88,5, Grup 2'de% 78.1 idi (p=0.061). 5 yıllık genel sağkalım oranı, Grup 1'de %83'0, Grup 2'de %70,7 idi (p=0,046). Çok değişkenli Cox regresyon analizinde, T evresi ve Fuhrman derecesi sağkalım için bağımsız prognostik faktörlerdi. Sonuç: Çalışmamız, RHK'lu yaşlı hastalar arasında, genç olanlarla karşılaştırıldığında, hastalığa özgü sağkalım oranları açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark olmadığını göstermiştir. Bulgularımız, ameliyatın potansiyel tehlikeyi önlemek için RHK'lu yaşlı hastalar için bir seçenek olabileceğini önermektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Yaş faktörleri; yaşlı; böbrek; renal hücreli kanser; sağkalım
- Pantuck AJ, Zisman A, Belldegrun AS. The changing natural history of renal cell carcinoma. J Urol. 2001;166(5):1611-23. [Crossref]
- Taccoen X, Valeri A, Descotes JL, Morin V, Stindel E, Doucet L, et al; Oncology Committee of the Association Francaise d'Urologie. Renal cell carcinoma in adults 40 years old or less: young age is an independent prognostic factor for cancer-specific survival. Eur Urol. 2007;51: 980-7. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Gillett MD, Cheville JC, Karnes RJ, Lohse CM, Kwon ED, Leibovich BC, et al. Comparison of presentation and outcome for patients 18 to 40 and 60 to 70 years old with solid renal masses. J Urol. 2005;173(6):1893-6.
- Chow WH, Devesa SS, Warren JL, Fraumeni JF Jr. Rising incidence of renal cell cancer in the United States. JAMA. 1999;281(17):1628-31. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Hollingsworth JM, Miller DC, Daignault S, Hollenbeck BK. Rising incidence of small renal masses: a need to reassess treatment effect. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2006;98(18):1331-4. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Weikert S, Ljungberg B. Contemporary epidemiology of renal cell carcinoma: perspectives of primary prevention. World J Urol. 2010;28(3):247-52. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Kim SP, Gross CP, Meropol N, Kutikov A, Smaldone MC, Shah ND, et al. National treatment trends among older patients with T1-localized renal cell carcinoma. Urol Oncol. 2017;35(3):113.e15-113.e21. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- World Health Organization. World Health Statistics 2010: Health Status Indicators; World Health; Health Services-Statistics; Mortality; Morbidity; Life Expectancy; Demography; Statistics; Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2010. p.177.
- Scelo G, Larose TL. Epidemiology and risk factors for kidney cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2018;JCO2018791905.
- Aziz A, May M, Zigeuner R, Pichler M, Chromecki T, Cindolo L, et al. Members of the CORONA Project and the Young Academic Urologists Renal Cancer Group. Do young patients with renal cell carcinoma feature a distinct outcome after surgery? A comparative analysis of patient age based on the multinational CORONA database. J Urol. 2014;191(2):310-5. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Edge SB, Compton CC. The American Joint Committee on cancer: The 7th edition of the AJCC cancer staging manual and the future of TNM. Ann Surg Oncol 2010;17(6):1471-4. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Thompson RH, Ordonez MA, Iassonos A, Secin FP, Guillonneau B, Russo P, et al. Renal cell carcinoma in young and old patients--is there a difference? 2008;180(4):1262-6; [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Kim JH, Park YH, Kim YJ, Kang SH, Byun SS, Hong SH. Is there a difference in clinicopathological outcomes of renal tumor between young and old patients? A multicenter matched-pair analysis. Scand J Urol 2016;50(5):387-91. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Gao X, Hu L, Pan Y, Zheng L. Surgical outcomes of nephrectomy for elderly patients with renal cell carcinoma. Pak J Med Sci. 2018;34(2):288-93. [Crossref]
- Denzinger S, Otto W, Burger M, Hammerschmied C, Junker K, Hartmann A, et al. Sporadic renal cell carcinoma in young and elderly patients: are there different clinicopathological features and disease specific survival rates? World J Surg Oncol. 2007;5:16. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Yikilmaz TN, Bas O, Arik AI, Hizli F, Baaar H. The relationship between histopathology and age factor in patients who were operated for renal masses. Turk J Urol. 2015;41(2):57-60. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Lam JS, Shvarts O, Leppert JT, Figlin RA, Belldegrun AS. Renal cell carcinoma 2005: new frontiers in staging, prognostication and targeted molecular therapy. J Urol. 2005;173(6):1853-62.
- Simsek A, Kucuktopcu O, Akbulut F, Ozgur F, Kucuktopcu E, Savun M, et al. Impact of preoperative radiological and postoperative pathological findings on survival of patients after radical nephrectomy performed with the indication of renal cell carcinoma. Turk J Urol. 2015;41(1):1-6. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Siemer S, Lehmann J, Loch A, Becker F, Stein U, Schneider G, et al. Current TNM classification of renal cell carcinoma evaluated: revising stage T3a. J Urol. 2005;173(1):33-7. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Tsui KH, Shvarts O, Smith RB, Figlin R, de Kernion JB, Belldegrun A. Renal cell carcinoma: prognostic significance of incidentally detected tumors. J Urol. 2000;163(2):426-30. [Crossref]
- Schips L, Lipsky K, Zigeuner R, Salfellner M, Winkler S, Langner C, et al. Impact of tumor-associated symptoms on the prognosis of patients with renal cell carcinoma: a single-center experience of 683 patients. Urology. 2003;62(6):1024-8. [Crossref]
- Ljungberg B, Bensalah K, Canfield S, Dabestani S, Hofmann F, Hora M, et al. EAU guidelines on renal cell carcinoma: 2014 update. Eur Urol. 2015;67(5):913-24. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Klatte T, Han K, Said JW, Bohm M, Allhoff EP, Kabbinavar FF, et al. Pathobiology and prognosis of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma. Urol Oncol Semin Orig Investig. 2008;26(6):604-9. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Skolarus TA, Serrano MF, Berger DA, Bullock TL, Yan Y, Humphrey PA, et al. The distribution of histological subtypes of renal tumors by decade of life using the 2004 WHO classification. J Urol. 2008;179(2):439-43.
- Abouassaly R, Lane BR, Novick AC. Active surveillance of renal masses in elderly patients. J Urol. 2008;180(2):505-8.
- Jewett MA, Mattar K, Basiuk J, Morash CG, Pautler SE, Siemens DR, et al. Active surveillance of small renal masses: progression patterns of early stage kidney cancer. Eur Urol. 2011;60(1):39-44. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Smaldone MC, Kutikov A, Egleston BL, Canter DJ, Viterbo R, Chen DY, et al. Small renal masses progressing to metastases under active surveillance: a systematic review and pooled analysis. Cancer. 2012;118(4):997-1006. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Ozcan MF, Altinova S, Atan A. Treatment approaches to small renal masses in patients of advanced age (?75 years). Turk J Urol. 2018;44(4):281-6. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Gorgel SN, Sefik E, Balci U, Ozer K, Girgin C, Dincel C. The feasibility of radical cystectomy in elderly patients. Turk J Urol. 2014;40(1):9-14. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
.: Process List