Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Dental Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
State-Trait Anxiety Levels, Dental Anxiety Levels and Vaccine Hesitancy in a Group of Turkish Dental Patients During COVID-19 Pandemic in Söke Region: Analytical Survey
Söke Bölgesi'nde COVID-19 Pandemi Sürecinde Diş Hekimine Başvuran Bir Grup Türk Hastada Durumluk-Sürekli Anksiyete Seviyelerinin, Dental Anksiyete Seviyelerinin ve Aşıya Karşı Tutumlarının Belirlenmesi: Analitik Araştırma
Pınar NAİBOĞLUa, Arif Yiğit GÜLERb, Sevde GÖKSELc
aDepartment of Restorative Dentistry, Giresun University Faculty of Dentistry, Giresun, Türkiye
bDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ankara Medipol University Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara, Türkiye
cDepartment of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Ankara Medipol University Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Dental Sci. 2022;28(3):526-34
doi: 10.5336/dentalsci.2021-86686
Article Language: EN
Full Text
ABSTRACT
 Objective: A new disease called coronavirus disease2019 (COVID‐19), was discovered in the city of Wuhan in China and has quickly reached many countries. During this period, mental health of people was affected negatively. This study aimed to evaluate the anxiety levels of dental patients during the COVID-19 pandemic, determine the reasons for admission to the dental center, and to investigate the rate of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Material and Methods: A questionnaire consisting of the stated topics and demographic data was completed by the patients. State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) scales were used to determine anxiety levels and the Corah-Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS) was also used to assess dental anxiety. Results: The DAS scores showed that patients had low levels of dental anxiety, while STAI-State and STAI-Trait scores showed that most patients were moderately anxious. Gender, age, marital status, education, and location of residence were associated with higher DAS and/or STAI scores. Vaccine hesitancy was reported in 28.31% of patients. Side effects and the unknown long-term effects of the COVID-19 vaccine were given as major reasons for vaccine hesitancy (34.13%). Conclusion: Our results reveal that there was a concerning level of anxiety and vaccine hesitancy in a group of Turkish dental patients during COVID-19 pandemic in Soke Region.

Keywords: Coronavirus; anxiety; stress; psychological; dental anxiety
ÖZET
 Amaç: Çin'in Wuhan şehrinde 2019 yılında koronavirüs hastalığı-2019 [coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)] adı verilen yeni bir hastalık keşfedildi ve hızla birçok ülkeye ulaştı. Bu dönemde insanların ruh sağlığı olumsuz etkilendi. Bu çalışmanın amacı, diş hekimine gelen hastaların COVID-19 pandemisi sırasındaki anksiyete düzeylerini değerlendirmek, diş merkezine başvuru nedenlerini belirlemek ve COVID-19 aşı tereddüt oranlarını araştırmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Hastalara, belirtilen konular ve demografik verilerden oluşan anket formu dolduruldu. Anksiyete düzeylerini belirlemek için Durumluk-Sürekli Kaygı Envanteri [State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)] skalası ve dental anksiyeteyi değerlendirmek için de CorahDental Anksiyete Skalası (DAS) kullanıldı. Bulgular: DAS skorları, hastaların düşük düzeyde dental anksiyeteye sahip olduğunu gösterirken; STAI-S ve STAI-T skorları, çoğu hastanın orta derecede anksiyeteye sahip olduğunu gösterdi. Cinsiyet, yaş, medeni durum, eğitim ve ikamet yeri daha yüksek DAS ve/veya STAI puanları ile ilişkilendirildi. Hastaların %28,31'inde aşı tereddüdü bildirildi. COVID-19 aşısının yan etkileri ve bilinmeyen uzun vadeli etkileri, aşı tereddüdünün ana nedenleri olarak gösterildi (%34,13). Sonuç: Sonuçlarımız COVID-19 pandemisi sırasında Söke Bölgesi'nde diş hekimine başvuran bir grup Türk hastada, anksiyete ve aşı tereddüdü olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Koronavirüs; endişe; stres; psikolojik; diş kaygısı
REFERENCES:
  1. Coulthard P. Dentistry and coronavirus (COVID-19)-moral decision-making. Br Dent J. 2020;228(7):503-5. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  2. Cucinotta D, Vanelli M. WHO declares COVID-19 a pandemic. Acta Biomed. 2020;91(1):157-60. [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  3. Magro F, Perazzo P, Bottinelli E, Possenti F, Banfi G. Managing a tertiary orthopedic hospital during the COVID-19 epidemic, main challenges and solutions adopted. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(13):4818. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  4. Chisini LA, dos Santos Costa F, Demarco GT, da Siveira ER, Demarco FF. COVID-19 pandemic impact on paediatric dentistry treatments in the Brazilian Public Health System. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2021;31(1):31-4. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  5. Guo H, Zhou Y, Liu X, Tan J. The impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on the utilization of emergency dental services. J Dent Sci. 2020;15(4):564-7. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  6. Özdin S, Bayrak Özdin Ş. Levels and predictors of anxiety, depression and health anxiety during COVID-19 pandemic in Turkish society: the importance of gender. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2020;66(5):504-11. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  7. Torales J, O'Higgins M, Castaldelli-Maia JM, Ventriglio A. The outbreak of COVID-19 coronavirus and its impact on global mental health. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2020;66(4):317-20. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  8. MacDonald NE. Vaccine hesitancy: definition, scope and determinants. Vaccine. 2015;33(34):4161-4. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  9. Dubé E, Vivion M, MacDonald NE. Vaccine hesitancy, vaccine refusal and the anti-vaccine movement: influence, impact and implications. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2015;14(1):99-117. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  10. Harrison EA, Wu JW. Vaccine confidence in the time of COVID-19. Eur J Epidemiol. 2020;35(4):325-30. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  11. Sherman SM, Smith LE, Sim J, Amlôt R, Cutts M, Dasch H, et al. COVID-19 vaccination intention in the UK: results from the COVID-19 vaccination acceptability study (CoVAccS), a nationally representative cross-sectional survey. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2021;17(6):1612-21. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  12. Murphy J, Vallières F, Bentall RP, Shevlin M, McBride O, Hartman TK, et al. Psychological characteristics associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and resistance in Ireland and the United Kingdom. Nat Commun. 2021;12(1):29. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  13. Özdede M, Sahin S. Views and anxiety levels of Turkish dental students during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Stoma. 2020;73(3):123-8. [Crossref] 
  14. Corah NL, Gale EN, Illig SJ. Assessment of a dental anxiety scale. J Am Dent Assoc. 1978;97(5):816-19. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  15. Spielberger CD. State-trait anxiety inventory. In: Weiner IB, Craighead WE, eds. The Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology. 4th ed. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons; 2010. p.1-1. [Crossref] 
  16. López-Jornet P, Camacho-Alonso F, Sanchez-Siles M. Assessment of general pre and postoperative anxiety in patients undergoing tooth extraction: a prospective study. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2014;52(1):18-23. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  17. Yıldırım E, Adıgüzel A, Karaçay Ş. Assessment of the anxiety levels of orthodontic patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Dental Research. 2021;11(Suppl 1):74-80. [Crossref] 
  18. Hyland P, Shevlin M, McBride O, Murphy J, Karatzias T, Bentall RP, et al. Anxiety and depression in the Republic of Ireland during the COVID-19 pandemic. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2020;142(3):249-56. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  19. Yildirim TT, Dundar S, Bozoglan A, Karaman T, Dildes N, Kaya FA, et al. Is there a relation between dental anxiety, fear and general psychological status? PeerJ. 2017;5:e2978. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  20. Ilgüy D, Ilgüy M, Dinçer S, Bayirli G. Reliability and validity of the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale in Turkish patients. J Int Med Res. 2005;33(2):252-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  21. Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, Fan G, Liu Z, Xiang J, et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2020;395(10229):1054-62. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  22. Nam PT, Dung NH, Liem NK, Hung NT, Ly DK, Van Minh H. Anxiety among the Vietnamese population during the COVID-19 pandemic: implications for Social Work Practice. Soc Work Public Health. 2021;36(2):142-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  23. Shevlin M, McBride O, Murphy J, Miller JG, Hartman TK, Levita L, et al. Anxiety, depression, traumatic stress and COVID-19-related anxiety in the UK general population during the COVID-19 pandemic. BJPsych Open. 2020;6(6):e125. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  24. Harrel SK, Molinari J. Aerosols and splatter in dentistry: a brief review of the literature and infection control implications. J Am Dent Assoc. 2004;135(4):429-37. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  25. Salali GD, Uysal MS. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is associated with beliefs on the origin of the novel coronavirus in the UK and Turkey. Psychol Med. 2020;1-3. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  26. Neumann-Böhme S, Varghese NE, Sabat I, Barros PP, Brouwer W, van Exel J, et al. Once we have it, will we use it? A European survey on willingness to be vaccinated against COVID-19. Eur J Health Econ. 2020;21(7):977-82. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  27. Malik AA, McFadden SM, Elharake J, Omer SB. Determinants of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in the US. EClinicalMedicine. 2020;26:100495. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  28. Robinson E, Jones A, Lesser I, Daly M. International estimates of intended uptake and refusal of COVID-19 vaccines: a rapid systematic review and meta-analysis of large nationally representative samples. Vaccine. 2021;39(15):2024-34. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  29. Khubchandani J, Sharma S, Price JH, Wiblishauser MJ, Sharma M, Webb FJ. COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy in the United States: a rapid national assessment. J Community Health. 2021;46(2):270-7. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  30. Sallam M, Dababseh D, Yaseen A, Al-Haidar A, Ababneh NA, Bakri FG, et al. Conspiracy beliefs are associated with lower knowledge and higher anxiety levels regarding COVID-19 among students at the University of Jordan. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(14):4915. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  31. Robertson E, Reeve KS, Niedzwiedz CL, Moore J, Blake M, Green M, et al. Predictors of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the UK household longitudinal study. Brain Behav Immun. 2021;94:41-50. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 

.: Up To Date

.: Process List

Login

 Forgot your password?

 New Registration  

Contact

Ortadoğu Reklam Tanıtım Yayıncılık Turizm Eğitim İnşaat Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.

.: Address

Turkocagi Caddesi No:30 06520 Balgat / ANKARA
Phone: +90 312 286 56 56
Fax: +90 312 220 04 70
E-mail: info@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Manuscript Editing Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 2
E-mail: yaziisleri@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: English Language Redaction

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 145
E-mail: tkyayindestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Marketing Sales-Project Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 142
E-mail: reklam@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Subscription and Public Relations Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: abone@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Customer Services

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: satisdestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

1. TERMS OF USE

1.1. To use the web pages with http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name or the websites reached through the sub domain names attached to the domain name (They will be collectively referred as "SITE"), please read the conditions below. If you do not accept these terms, please cease to use the "SITE." "SITE" owner reserves the right to change the information on the website, forms, contents, the "SITE," "SITE" terms of use anytime they want.

1.2. The owner of the "SITE" is Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. (From now on it is going to be referred as "Turkiye Klinikleri", shortly) and it resides at Turkocagi cad. No:30, 06520 Balgat Ankara. The services in the "SITE" are provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.3. Anyone accessing the "SITE" with or without a fee whether they are a natural person or a legal identity is considered to agree these terms of use. In this contract hereby, "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the stated terms anytime. These changes will be published in the "SITE" periodically and they will be valid when they are published. Any natural person or legal identity benefiting from and reaching to the "SITE" are considered to be agreed to any change on hereby contract terms done by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.4. The "Terms of Use" hereby is published in the website with the last change on March 30th 2014 and the "SITE" is activated by enabling the access to everyone. The "Terms of Use" hereby is also a part of the any "USER Contract" was and/or will be done with the users using "Turkiye Klinikleri" services with or without a fee an inseparable.

2. DEFINITIONS

2.1. "SITE": A website offering different kind of services and context with a certain frame determined by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and it is accessible on-line on http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name and/or subdomains connected to the domain name.

2.2. USER: A natural person or a legal identity accessing to the "SITE" through online settings.

2.3. LINK: A link enabling to access to another website through the "SITE", the files, the context or through another website to the "SITE", the files and the context.

2.4. CONTEXT: Any visual, literary and auditory images published in the "Turkiye Klinikleri", "SITE" and/or any website or any accessible information, file, picture, number/figures, price, etc.

2.5. "USER CONTRACT": An electronically signed contract between a natural or a legal identity benefiting from special services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide and "Turkiye Klinikleri".

3. SCOPE OF THE SERVICES

3.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine the scope and quality of the services via the "SITE".

3.2. To benefit the services of "Turkiye Klinikleri" "SITE", the "USER" must deliver the features that will be specified by "Turkiye Klinikleri". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change this necessity any time single-sided.

3.3. Not for a limited number, the services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide through the "SITE" for a certain price or for free are;

- Providing scientific articles, books and informative publications for health industry.

- Providing structural, statistical and editorial support to article preparation stage for scientific journals.

4. GENERAL PROVISIONS

4.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine which of the services and contents provided in the "SITE" will be charged.

4.2. People benefiting from the services provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and using the website can use the "SITE" only according to the law and only for personal reasons. Users have the criminal and civil liability for every process and action they take in the "SITE". Every USER agrees, declares and undertakes that they will not proceed by any function or action infringement of rights of "Turkiye Klinikleri"s and/or other third parties', they are the exclusive right holder on usage, processing, storage, made public and revealing any written, visual or auditory information reported to Turkiye Klinikleri" and/or "SITE" to the third parties. "USER" agrees and undertakes that s/he will not duplicate, copy, distribute, process, the pictures, text, visual and auditory images, video clips, files, databases, catalogs and lists within the "SITE", s/he will not be using these actions or with other ways to compete with "Turkiye Klinikleri", directly or indirectly.

4.3. The services provided and the context published within the "SITE" by third parties is not under the responsibility of "Turkiye Klinikleri", institutions collaborated with "Turkiye Klinikleri", "Turkiye Klinikleri" employee and directors, "Turkiye Klinikleri" authorized salespeople. Commitment to accuracy and legality of the published information, context, visual and auditory images provided by any third party are under the full responsibility of the third party. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not promise and guarantee the safety, accuracy and legality of the services and context provided by a third party.

4.4. "USER"s cannot act against "Turkiye Klinikleri", other "USER"s and third parties by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" has no direct and/or indirect responsibility for any damage a third party suffered or will suffer regarding "USER"s actions on the "SITE" against the rules of the hereby "Terms of Use" and the law.

4.5. "USER"s accept and undertake that the information and context they provided to the "SITE" are accurate and legal. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is not liable and responsible for promising and guaranteeing the verification of the information and context transmitted to "Turkiye Klinikleri" by the "USER"s, or uploaded, changed and provided through the "SITE" by them and whether these information are safe, accurate and legal.

4.6. "USER"s agree and undertake that they will not perform any action leading to unfair competition, weakening the personal and commercial credit of "Turkiye Klinikleri" and a third party,  encroaching and attacking on personal rights within the "SITE" in accordance with the Turkish Commercial Code Law.

4.7. "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the right to change the services and the context within the "SITE"  anytime. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use this right without any notification and timelessly. "USER"s have to make the changes and/or corrections "Turkiye Klinikleri" required immediately. Any changes and/or corrections that are required by "Turkiye Klinikleri", may be made by "Turkiye Klinikleri" when needed. Any harm, criminal and civil liability resulted or will result from changes and/or corrections required by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and were not made on time by the "USER"s belongs completely to the users.

4.8. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may give links through the "SITE" to other websites and/or "CONTEXT"s and/or folders that are outside of their control and owned and run by third parties. These links are provided for ease of reference only and do not hold qualification for support the respective web SITE or the admin or declaration or guarantee for the information inside. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not hold any responsibility over the web-sites connected through the links on the "SITE", folders and context, the services or products on the websites provided through these links or their context.

4.9. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use the information provided to them by the "USERS" through the "SITE" in line with the terms of the "PRIVACY POLICY" and "USER CONTRACT". It may process the information or classify and save them on a database. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may also use the USER's or visitor's identity, address, e-mail address, phone number, IP number, which sections of the "SITE" they visited, domain type, browser type, date and time information to provide statistical evaluation and customized services.

5. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

5.1. The information accessed through this "SITE" or provided by the users legally and all the elements (including but not limited to design, text, image, html code and other codes) of the "SITE" (all of them will be called as studies tied to "Turkiye Klinikleri"s copyrights) belongs to "Turkiye Klinikleri". Users do not have the right to resell, process, share, distribute, display or give someone permission to access or to use the "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information and the products under copyright protection by "Turkiye Klinikleri". Within hereby "Terms of Use" unless explicitly permitted by "Turkiye Klinikleri" nobody can reproduce, process, distribute or produce or prepare any study from those under "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyright protection.

5.2. Within hereby "Terms of Use", "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the rights for "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information, the products associated with "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyrights, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trademarks, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trade looks or its all rights for other entity and information it has through this website unless it is explicitly authorized by "Turkiye Klinikleri".

6. CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF USE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com