Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Sports Sciences

.: REVIEW
Sporcularda Mental Yorgunluk Bilişsel Performans ve Beslenme Stratejileri: Geleneksel Derleme
Mental Failure Cognitive Performance and Nutritional Strategies in Athletes: Traditional Review
Osman Emir SARAÇa, Günay ESKİCİb
aÇanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Spor Bilimleri ABD, Çanakkale, Türkiye
bÇanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi, Antrenörlük Eğitimi Bölümü, Çanakkale, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Sports Sci. 2023;15(2):297-307
doi: 10.5336/sportsci.2022-93558
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Sporcularda bilişsel fonksiyon ve mental yorgunluk kavramı, spor performansında önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Beyin fonksiyonunun beslenme ve diyet faktörlerinden etkilendiği düşünüldüğünde, beslenme uygulamalarının mental yorgunlukla başa çıkmada, sporcular için önemli bir çözüm olabileceği düşünülmektedir. Bu derlemede, sporcularda bilişsel performansı ve mental yorgunluğa karşı direnci geliştirmek için uygulanan beslenme stratejilerinin bilimsel kanıtları gözden geçirilmiştir. Karbonhidrat ve kafein, bilişsel fonksiyon ve mental yorgunlukta sporcular için en fazla sayıda raporun yayımlandığı besin ögeleri/bileşenleridir. Bulgular, bozulmuş bilişsel işlev durumları ve mental yorgunluk için karbonhidrat ve kafein alımının performansa olumlu etkileri olduğunu göstermiştir. Ancak güvenilir ve tutarlı faydaları ortaya koymak için gereken karbonhidrat ve kafein alımının optimal dozunu ve zamanlamasını belirlemek gerekmektedir. Omega-3 takviyesi ile hidrasyon durumunun mental yorgunluğu önlemede faydalı olabileceğine dair kanıtlar mevcuttur. dallı zincirli amino asitler [branched-chain amino acid (BCAA)], tirozin ve kreatin ile ilgili olarak bazı potansiyel fayda mekanizmalarına rağmen bulguların çelişkili olduğu görülmektedir. BCAA ve tirozinin, özellikle sporcularla yapılan çalışmalarda son yıllarda çok sınırlı olduğu da göze çarpmıştır. Polifenollerin sporcuların bilişsel fonksiyon ve mental yorgunluğuna etkisine yönelik sonuçlar değişkenlik göstermesine karşın, bilişsel performansta açık ve orta derecede bir iyileşme ile ilişkili olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak bilişsel fonksiyonun gelişimi ve mental yorgunluğu önlemede kanıtları güçlendirmek için farklı sporcu gruplarıyla bilişsel ve fizyolojik ölçümleri birleştiren tutarlı ve güvenilir sonuçlara dayalı bilimsel çalışmaların yapılmasına ihtiyaç vardır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Bilişsel fonksiyon; beyin; beslenme; egzersiz; mental yorgunluk
ABSTRACT
 The concept of cognitive function and mental fatigue in athletes play an important role in sports performance. Considering that brain function is affected by nutrition and dietary factors, it is thought that nutritional practices can be an important solution for athletes to overcome mental fatigue. In this review, scientific evidence of nutritional strategies applied to improve cognitive performance and resistance to mental fatigue in athletes was examined. Carbohydrates and caffeine are the nutrients/components with the largest number of reports published for athletes in mental fatigue. The findings revealed that carbohydrate and caffeine intake for impaired cognitive function and mental fatigue have positive effects on performance. However, it is necessary to determine the optimal dose and timing of carbohydrate and caffeine intake for reliable and consistent benefits. There is evidence that omega-3 supplementation and hydration status may be beneficial in preventing mental fatigue. Despite some potential mechanisms of benefit with regard to branched-chain amino acid (BCAA), tyrosine, and creatine, the findings appear to be inconsistent. Also, it has been observed that BCAA and tyrosine are very limited in recent years, especially in studies with athletes. Although the effects of polyphenols on cognitive function and mental fatigue of athletes vary, it was determined that they were associated with a clear and moderate improvement in cognitive performance. Consequently; there is a need for scientific studies based on consistent and reliable results combining cognitive and physiological measurements with different groups of athletes to strengthen the evidence in improving cognitive function and preventing mental fatigue.

Keywords: Cognitive function; brain; nutrition; exercise; mental fatigu
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4.9. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use the information provided to them by the "USERS" through the "SITE" in line with the terms of the "PRIVACY POLICY" and "USER CONTRACT". It may process the information or classify and save them on a database. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may also use the USER's or visitor's identity, address, e-mail address, phone number, IP number, which sections of the "SITE" they visited, domain type, browser type, date and time information to provide statistical evaluation and customized services.

5. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

5.1. The information accessed through this "SITE" or provided by the users legally and all the elements (including but not limited to design, text, image, html code and other codes) of the "SITE" (all of them will be called as studies tied to "Turkiye Klinikleri"s copyrights) belongs to "Turkiye Klinikleri". Users do not have the right to resell, process, share, distribute, display or give someone permission to access or to use the "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information and the products under copyright protection by "Turkiye Klinikleri". Within hereby "Terms of Use" unless explicitly permitted by "Turkiye Klinikleri" nobody can reproduce, process, distribute or produce or prepare any study from those under "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyright protection.

5.2. Within hereby "Terms of Use", "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the rights for "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information, the products associated with "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyrights, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trademarks, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trade looks or its all rights for other entity and information it has through this website unless it is explicitly authorized by "Turkiye Klinikleri".

6. CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF USE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com