Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Sports Sciences

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Spor ve Nöroendokrin Sistem
Sport and Neuroendocrine System: Review
İbrahim BALCIOĞLUa, Yasin YILMAZb
aPsikiyatri AD,
bİngilizce Bölümü, İstanbul Üniversitesi Cerrahpaşa Tıp Fakültesi, İstanbul
Turkiye Klinikleri J Sports Sci. 2013;5(1):39-47
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
Spor, vücut homeostasisi üzerine modülatör etki yapmaktadır. Beyin biyokimyasını ve nöroendokrin sistemi çeşitli yollardan etkileyerek değiştirmektedir. Bu derlemede, fiziksel egzersiz ve sporun nöroendokrin sistem üzerindeki etkilerini araştıran çalışmalar incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla MEDLINE ve ULAKBİM veri tabanlarından spor, fiziksel egzersiz, antrenman, nöroendokrin sistem ve beyin monoaminleri sözcükleri tarandı, ilgili makaleler toplandı ve nöroendokrin sistem üzerine odaklanmayan çalışmalar inceleme dışı bırakıldı. Literatürler spor ve beyin monoaminleri ile spor ve hipotalamo-pituiter-adrenal (HPA) aks olmak üzere iki ana başlık olarak tasnif edildi. Fiziksel egzersiz ve spor, santral sinir sistemini etkileyerek; dopamin, serotonin ve noradrenalin gibi duygu durumu ilgilendiren beyin monoaminlerini artırmaktadır. Stres durumlarında cevap mekanizması olarak görev yapan HPA aksı, uzun süreli fiziksel egzersizle baskılanmaktadır. Sporun nöroendokrin sistem üzerindeki etkilerini araştıran çalışmaların ortak taraflarından birisi sporu ve fiziksel egzersizi bir stresör olarak görmeleridir. Gerçekten de spor, vücudun var olan dinamik dengesini, yani homeostasisini değiştirmeye yöneliktir ve bu açıdan bakıldığında stresör olarak kabul edilmesi doğru olmaktadır. Fakat ne var ki, spor vücudun bu dengesini pozitif yönde modüle etmekte ve diğer stresörlerin etkisini daha aza indirebilmektedir. Spora bu açıdan bakıldığında 'olumlu stresör' olarak nitelemek daha doğru olacaktır. Sporun fizyolojisi üzerine yapılan çalışmalar; depresyon, alkol bağımlılığı ve hipertansiyon gibi hastalıkların tedavisinde de etkili olabileceğini göstermiştir. Sonuç olarak spor, vücut homeostasisi üzerine önemli etkiler yaparak gerek duygudurumun düzeltilmesinde gerekse stresin azaltılmasında ilaç dışı tedavinin en önemli basamağını oluşturmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Spor; fiziksel egzersiz; antrenman; nöroendokrin sistem; beyin monoaminleri
ABSTRACT
Sport makes modulator effect on body homeostasis. It changes brain biochemistry and neuroendocrine system by various ways. In this paper, the studies that search the effects of physical exercise and sport on neuroendocrine system were examined. For this purpose, we searched literature about sport, physical exercise, training, neuroendocrine system and brain monoamines by using MEDLINE and ULAKBIM databases. We excluded papers that do not focus on neuroendocrine system. We divided literature into two parts: the sport and brain monoamines, the sport and hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. By effecting central nervous system, physical exercise and sport increase brain monoamines like dopamine, serotonine and norepinephrine which are related to mood. By sustained physical exercise, the HPA axis that serves as a response mechanism in stressed conditions can be supressed. One of common sides of studies that search effect of sport on neuroendocrine system is regarding sport and physical exercise as a stressor. Indeed, sport is directed to change the body homeostasis and when considered from this point of view it would be right to accept the sport as a stressor. However, sport modulates the balance of body on positive direction and lessens the effects of other stressors. When viewed from this aspect, it would be more right to describe sport as 'positive stressor'. The studies about physiology of sport have shown that sport can be effective for treatment of depression, alcohol dependence and hypertension etc. As a result, sport makes up the most important step of non-pharmacological therapy in both rehabilitating of mood and reducing of stress by practicing substantial effect on body homeostasis.

Keywords: Sport; physical exercise; training; neuroendocrine system; brain monoamines

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