Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences

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Sıçan Karaciğer Ve Böbrek Dokularında Endosulfan Toksisitesinde Oksidatif Hasarın Rolü; Histolojik Ve Biyokimyasal Bir Çalışma
The Role Of Oxidative Damage Induced By Endosulfan Toxicity On Rat Liver And Kidney Tissues; A Histological And Biochemical Study
Erdal KARAÖZ*, Tuncer ETYEMEZ**, Mehmet AKDOĞAN***, Alpaslan GÖKÇİMEN****, Meral ÖNCÜ**, F.Eda AKALIN*****
* Doç.Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Histoloji ve Embriyoloji AD**, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Histoloji ve Embriyoloji AD***, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Biyokimya AD****, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Histoloji ve Embriyoloji AD*****, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Histoloji ve Embriyoloji AD, ISPARTA
Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci. 2001;21(1):1-10
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
Sıçanlarda organikklorlu bir insektisit olan endosulfanın neden olduğu hepatotoksisite ve nefrotoksisitede oksidatif hasarın rolü histolojik ve biyokimyasal olarak araştırıldı. Deney grupları; kontrol (Grup I), düşük doz endosulfan (Grup II), orta doz endosulfan (Grup III) ve yüksek doz endosulfan (Grup IV) şeklinde oluşturuldu . Grup II, III ve IVdeki sıçanlara (n=18) tek doz sırasıyla 11 mg/kg (LD50nin %10u), 22 mg/kg (LD 50nin %20si) ve 33 mg/kg (LD50nin %30u) endosulfan intragastrik olarak uygulandı. Kontrol grubuna eşit hacimde serum fizyolojik uygulandı. 24 saat sonra tüm hayvanlar servikal dislokasyon yöntemiyle öldürüldü. Biyokimyasal ve histolojik çalışmalar için uygun teknikler kullanılarak karaciğer ve böbrek doku örnekleri çıkartıldı. Dokuda süperoksit dismutaz (SOD), glutatyon peroksidaz (GSH-Px), glutatyon redüktaz (GR), katalaz (CAT) ve glukoz-6-fosfat dehidrogenaz (G6PDH) aktiviteleri ve malondialdehit (MDA) düzeyleri tayin edldi. Histolojik çalışmalar için, doku örnekleri %10luk nötral formalin solusyonunda tesbit edildi ve rutin ışık mikroskopik takip yöntemleriyle parafin bloklara alındı. Parafin bloklardan elde edilen seri kesitlere Hematoksilen-Eozin ve Masson üçlü boyaları uygulandı. Işık mikroskopisi düzeyinde karaciğer ve böbrek histolojik yapıları incelendi. Bu çalışmada, karaciğer SOD aktiviteleri Grup I-Grup II, Grup I-Grup IV, Grup II- Grup IV ve Grup III-Grup IV arasında anlamlı bir artış gösterdi (sırasıyla; p<0,01, p<0.01, p<0.01 ve p<0.05). Böbrek dokusunda ise, Grup I-Grup III, Grup I-Grup IV ve Grup II-Grup IV arasında anlamlı bir fark sözkonusuydu (sırasıyla; p<0.05, p<0.01 ve p<0.05). Dokudaki (karaciğer ve böbrek) MDA düzeyleri de endosulfan dozuna bağımlı olarak arttı. GR ve G6PDH aktivitelerinde herhangi bir değişiklik gözlenmemiştir. CAT ve GSH-Px aktiviteleri ise, karaciğer dokusunda Grup I-Grup IV arasında anlamlı bir azalma göstermiştir (p<0.01). Sonuç olarak, sıçan karaciğer ve böbrek dokularında endosulfana bağlı olarak SOD aktivitesinde ve MDA düzeylerindeki artış, endosulfan metabolizması sırasında oluşan serbest radikaller ve onların lipit peroksidatif hasarının bir göstergesidir. Sonuçta, endosulfana bağlı bir peroksidatif hasar sözkonusudur. Bu biyokimyasal bulgularımızı histolojik bulgularımız da desteklemektedir. Karaciğerde, özellikle santral ven periferinde lokalize hepatositlerde daha belirgin olmak üzere parankimde hidropik ve vakuoler dejenerasyonlar, sinüzoidlerde dilatasyon ve Kupffer hücre proliferasyonu gözlendi. Böbrek dokusunda karaciğere oranla daha fazla yapısal değişiklikler saptandı. Perivasküler ve peritubuler mononükleer hücre infiltrasyonları, glomeruler ve tubuler dejenerasyonlar başlıca mikroskopik bulgularımızdı.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Biyokimya, Endosulfan, Histoloji, Peroksidatif hasar, Sıçan
ABSTRACT
The histological and biochemical roles of oxidative damage were investigated in relation to hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity induced by endosulfan an organochlorine insecticide, in rats. The experimental groups in present study were as folllows: Control (Group I), low dose of endosulfan (Group II), medium dose of endosulfan (Group III) and high dose of endosulfan (Group IV). A single dose was administered via intragastric way to 18 rats in each treatment group at the following levels: 11 mg/kg (10% of LD50) for Group II, 22 mg/kg (20% of LD50) for Group III and 33 mg/kg (30% of LD50) for Group IV, respectively. An equal amount of physiologic saline was also given to control rats. The rats in all treatment groups were killed by cervical dislocation after 24 hours. The tissue samples of liver and kidney were taken by using appropriate techniques for biochemical and histological examination. The level of malondialdehyte (MDA) and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase (GR), catalase (CAT) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) were determined in tissue samples. Furthermore, tissue samples were kept in 10% neutral formaline solution and then transferred into the paraffine blocks for histological examination. Paraffine sections was stained with Haematoxylen-Eosine and Masson triplet then examined by light microscope. In this study, a significant increase in liver SOD activity was statistically significant, p<0.01, p<0.01, p<0.01, p<0.05 and between the groups of I and II, I and IV, II and IV, and III and IV, respectively. The increases in kidney SOD activity were also found to be significant, p<0.05, p<0.01 and p<0.05 between the groups of I and III, I and IV, and II and IV, respectively. MDA levels in both kidney and liver increased due to increasing dose of endosulfan. No changes were observed in the activities of GRIn conclusion, an increase in MDA level and SOD activity in rat liver and kidney tissues due to endosulfan may be an indicator of the free radicals occured during the metabolism and their lipid peroxidative inducing damage. Finally, a peroxidative damage occurs inevitably due to endosulfan. The histological results also showed such a damage, similar with the biochemical results. In liver, dilatation in sinuzoidal capillaries, hidropic and vacuolar degenerations in the hepatocytes and Kupffer cell proliferation was examined. The microscopical results in the kidney were mainly perivascular and peritubular mononuclear cell infiltrations, glomerular and tubular degenerations.

Keywords: Biochemistry, Endosulfan, anatomy & histology, Rats

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