Journal of Literature Pharmacy Sciences

Sıcaklık Duyarlı Hidrojellerin Kontrollü İlaç Salımında Kullanımı
Thermosensitive Hydrogels for Controlled Drug Delivery
Sema ARISOYa, Betül DORTUNÇb
aAnkara Üniversitesi Eczacılık Fakültesi, Farmasötik Teknoloji ABD, Ankara, TÜRKİYE
bMarmara Üniversitesi Eczacılık Fakültesi, Farmasötik Teknoloji ABD, İstanbul, TÜRKİYE
J Lit Pharm Sci. 2020;9(1):90-100
doi: 10.5336/pharmsci.2019-70783
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Hidrojeller, hidrofilik homopolimer veya kopolimer ağlardan oluşan, su ve biyolojik sıvıları tutarak şişen yapılardır. Önemli özelliklerinden biri, şişme öncesi ve sonrası şekillerini koruyabilmeleridir. Hidrojeller uyarıya duyarlılıklarına göre klasik ve uyarıya duyarlı olarak ikiye ayrılırlar. Uyarıya duyarlı, diğer bir deyişle akıllı hidrojeller pH, sıcaklık ya da diğer çevresel uyarılara tepki verirken; klasik hidrojeller bu değişikliklerden etkilenmezler. Sıcaklığa duyarlılık gösteren hidrojeller ile toksik olmayan yapıları, kolay formülasyonları, fizyolojik ortamlarda şişme özellikleri, sıcaklık değişimiyle çözelti-jel geçişinin geri dönüşlü olması gibi cazip özellikleri nedeniyle kontrollü salım sağlamak amacıyla birçok çalışma yapılmıştır. Sıcaklık duyarlılığı gösteren polimerler, belirli bir sıcaklığın altında ve üstünde oluşlarına göre şişme ve büzülme davranışı gösterirler. Düşük kritik çözücü sıcaklığı olarak adlandırılan bu sıcaklık, ilacın hidrojelden geciktirilmiş, lokal ya da uzatılmış salımı için geliştirilen formülasyonlarda en önemli parametredir. İlaçlar hidrojeller içerisine hapsedildiğinde kontrollü salınabilir veya bölgeye hedeflendirilebilir. Böylelikle etken maddelerin yan etkileri azaltılıp etkinlikleri artırılabilir. Kitozan, poli (organofosfazen), poloksamer, pluronik gibi polimerler sıcaklık duyarlı kontrollü salım formülasyonlarında kullanılmaktadır. Bu polimerlerden bazıları kendiliğinden sıcaklık duyarlılığına sahipken bazıları çeşitli modifikasyonlarla sıcaklık duyarlılığı kazanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, antikanser, antiinflamatuar/analjezik ve antimikrobiyal ilaçların, proteinlerin, doku yenilenmesi için kullanılan faktörlerin ve hücrelerin sıcaklık duyarlı hidrojellerden kontrollü salımları ve hedeflendirilmeleri için geliştirilen formülasyonlardan bahsedilerek, gelecek vadeden uygulamalar ele alınmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Sıcaklık duyarlı hidrojeller; kontrollü salım; ilaç uygulamaları
ABSTRACT
 Hydrogels are hydrophilic homopolymer or copolymer networks, which are swollen absorbing water and biological fluids. One of the important features is that they can preserve their shape before and after swelling. Hydrogels are divided into two groups according to their sensitivities. Stimuli- sensitive, ie, intelligent hydrogels react to pH, temperature or other environmental stimuli, while conventional hydrogels are unaffected by these changes. Many studies have been conducted to provide controlled release with temperature responsive hydrogels due to their attractive properties such as non-toxic structures, easy formulations, swelling properties in physiological environment and the reversibility of the solution-gel transition with temperature change. Temperature-sensitive polymers exhibit swelling and shrinkage behavior in relation to being above or below a certain temperature. This temperature, called low critical solution temperature, is the most important parameter in the formulations developed for delayed, local or extended release of the drug from the hydrogel. Polymers such as Chitosan, poly (organophosphazen), poloxamer, pluronic are used in temperature sensitive controlled release formulations. These polymers could be used directly or after some modifications to get thermoresponsibility. In this review, promising applications of controlled release of anticancer, anti-inflammatory/analgesic, antimicrobial drugs, proteins and factors used for tissue regeneration from temperature-sensitive hydrogels are discussed.

Keywords: Temperature sensitive hydrogels; controlled release; drug applications
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