Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Sports Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Sıcak, Soğuk ve Statik Germenin Diz Propriosepsiyonu Üzerine Akut Etkileri: Deneysel Çalışma
Acute Effects of Heat, Cold, and Static Stretching on Knee Proprioception: Experimental Study
Umut PAKSOYa , Ömer Can GÖKSUb , Mustafa ŞAHİNb , Tuğba AKGÜLLER EKERc
aİstanbul Üniversitesi-Cerrahpaşa, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Hareket ve Antrenman Bilimleri AD, Doktora Programı, İstanbul, Türkiye
bİstanbul Üniversitesi-Cerrahpaşa, Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi, Antrenörlük Eğitimi Bölümü, Hareket ve Antrenman Bilimleri AD, İstanbul, Türkiye
cİstanbul Üniversitesi-Cerrahpaşa, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Fizyoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon AD, Doktora Programı, İstanbul, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Sports Sci. 2025;17(2):160-9
doi: 10.5336/sportsci.2024-106675
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Amaç: Sıcak, soğuk ve germe uygulamalarının propriosepsiyon üzerindeki etkileri ile ilgili kanıtlar tartışmalıdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı; sıcak, soğuk ve statik germenin propriosepsiyon üzerindeki akut etkilerini belirlemekti. Gereç ve Yöntemler: 18-30 yaş aralığındaki 60 birey sıcak grubu [heat group (HG)], soğuk grubu [cold group (CG)], germe grubu (GG) ve kontrol grubu (KonG) olmak üzere 4 gruba randomize edildi. HG'ye 15 dk sıcak, CG'ye 15 dk soğuk, GG'ye ise statik germe (Quadriceps ve hamstring kasları için, 20 sn×3 tekrar) uygulandı. KonG herhangi bir müdahale almadı. Müdahaleler öncesinde ve hemen sonrasında propriosepsiyon aktif eklem pozisyon duyusu (AEPD) testi ile 30°, 60°, 90° ve 120°'de değerlendirildi. Bulgular: AEPD, HG'de sağ 30° ve 90°'de (sırasıyla p=0,001; p=0,035) sol 30° ve 120'de (sırasıyla p=0,047; p=0,005); GG'de sağ 30° ve 90°'de (sırasıyla p=0,027; p=0,008), sol 30°, 60° ve 90°'de (sırasıyla p=0,004; p=0,015; p=0,027) artış gösterdi. CG'de ise sağ 30° ve 90°'de (sırasıyla p=0,006; p=0,031), sol 30°, 60° ve 90°'de (sırasıyla p=0,008; p=0,005; p=0,007) azalma gösterdi. ''post-hoc'' analizlerde KonG'ye kıyasla, HG'de sağ 30°, 60° ve 90°'de (sırasıyla p<0,001; p=0,005 ve p=0,005); GG'de sağ ve sol 30°'de (sırasıyla p<0,001; p=0,004) iyileşme bulundu. GG ile HG'deki iyileşme ise tüm açılarda benzerdi (p>0,008). CG'de ise KonG'ye kıyasla sol 90°'de (p=0,005) azalma bulundu. Sonuç: Diz propriosepsiyonu soğuk uygulama ile azalırken, statik germe ve sıcak uygulama ile iyileşme göstermiştir. Germe ile sıcak uygulama propriosepsiyon üzerinde benzer etkiye sahiptir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Propriosepsiyon; sıcak uygulama; soğuk uygulama; statik germe
ABSTRACT
 Objective: Evidence regarding the effects of heat, cold and stretching on proprioception is controversial. The aim of this study was to determine the acute effects of heat, cold and static stretching on proprioception. Material and Methods: 60 individuals aged 18-30 years were randomized into 4 groups: heat group (HG), cold group (CG), stretching group (SG) and control group (ConG). HG received 15 min of hot pack, CG received 15 min of cold pack, and SG received static stretching (20 s×3 repetitions for quadriceps and hamstrings). ConG did not receive any intervention. Before and immediately after the interventions, proprioception was assessed with the active joint position sense (AJPS) test at 30°, 60°, 90° and 120°. Results: AJPS increased in HG at right 30° and 90° (p=0.001; p=0.035, respectively), left 30° and 120° (p=0.047; p=0.005, respectively); in SG at right 30° and 90° (p=0.027; p=0.008, respectively), left 30°, 60° and 90° (p=0.004; p=0.015; p=0.027, respectively). In CG, it decreased at right 30° and 90° (p=0.006; p=0.031, respectively), and at left 30°, 60° and 90° (p=0.008; p=0.005; p=0.007, respectively). ''post-hoc'' analyses revealed greater improvement at right 30°, 60° and 90° in HG (p<0,001; p=0.005; p=0.005, respectively) and at right and left 30° in SG (p<0.001; p=0.004, respectively) compared to ConG. Improvement in HG and SG was similar at all angles (p>0.008). A decrease in the left 90° angle was found in CG compared to ConG (p=0.005). Conclusion: Knee proprioception decreased with cold, but improved with static stretching and heat. Stretching and heat have similar effects on proprioception.

Keywords: Proprioception; hot pack; cold pack; static stretching
REFERENCES:
  1. Gidu DV, Badau D, Stoica M, Aron A, Focan G, Monea D, et al. The effects of proprioceptive training on balance, strength, agility and dribbling in adolescent male soccer players. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(4):2028. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  2. Yılmaz O, Soylu Y, Erkmen N, Kaplan T, Batalik L. Effects of proprioceptive training on sports performance: a systematic review. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2024;16(1):149. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  3. Han J, Waddington G, Adams R, Anson J, Liu Y. Assessing proprioception: a critical review of methods. J Sport Health Sci. 2016;5(1):80-90. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  4. Özer K, Altun M, Kaynak H, Karabulut N, Akseki D. The effects of local hot and cold applications on knee joint position sense in non-elite athletes: Experimental study. Turkiye Klinikleri J Sports Sci. 2022;14(2):135-41. [Crossref] 
  5. Kaynak H, Altun M, Özer M, Akseki D. Sporda propriosepsiyon ve sıcak-soğuk uygulamalarla ilişkisi [Proprioception in sport and its relations with hot and cold applications]. CBÜ Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi. 2015;10(1):10-35. [Link] 
  6. Uchio Y, Ochi M, Fujihara A, Adachi N, Iwasa J, Sakai Y. Cryotherapy influences joint laxity and position sense of the healthy knee joint. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2003;84(1):131-5. [PubMed] 
  7. Yıldız Z, Işıntaş M. Genç bireylerde soğuk uygulamanın eklem pozisyon hissi, deri sıcaklığı ve kas kuvveti üzerine etkisi [The effect of cold application on joint position sense, skin temperature, and muscle strength in young individuals]. İzmir Kâtip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi. 2024;9(3):371-7. [Crossref] 
  8. Furmanek MP, Słomka K, Juras G. The effects of cryotherapy on proprioception system. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:696397. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  9. Safavi-Farokhi Z, Bagheri R, Ziari A, Mohammadi R. The effect of cryotherapy on proprioception and knee extensor torque in healthy volunteers. Middle East Journal of Rehabilitation and Health Studies. 2021;8(2):e109475. [Crossref] 
  10. Marouvo J, Tavares N, Dias G, Castro MA. The effect of ice on shoulder proprioception in badminton athletes. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ. 2023;13(3):671-83. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  11. Wassinger CA, Myers JB, Gatti JM, Conley KM, Lephart SM. Proprioception and throwing accuracy in the dominant shoulder after cryotherapy. J Athl Train. 2007;42(1):84-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  12. Çelebi MM, Zergeroğlu AM. Isınma ve germe egzersizlerinin propriosepsiyon ve denge üzerine etkisi [The effects of warm ups and stretching exercises on balance and proprioception]. J Ankara Univ Fac Med. 2017;70(2):83. [Crossref] 
  13. Afonso J, Andrade R, Rocha-Rodrigues S, Nakamura FY, Sarmento H, Freitas SR, et al. What we do not know about stretching in healthy athletes: a scoping review with evidence gap map from 300 trials. Sports Med. 2024;54(6):1517-51. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  14. Mani E, Kirmizigil B, Tüzün EH. Effects of two different stretching techniques on proprioception and hamstring flexibility: a pilot study. J Comp Eff Res. 2021;10(13):987-99. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  15. Pradeep T, Solomen S, Aaron P. The influence of dynamic stretch of quadriceps, hamstrings and its combined stretch effect on knee joint position sense (JPS) in healthy adults. Int. J. Multidiscip. Res. Dev. 2016;3:50-4. [Link] 
  16. Walsh GS. Effect of static and dynamic muscle stretching as part of warm up procedures on knee joint proprioception and strength. Hum Mov Sci. 2017;55:189-95. [PubMed] 
  17. Briggs KK, Steadman JR, Hay CJ, Hines SL. Lysholm score and Tegner activity level in individuals with normal knees. Am J Sports Med. 2009;37(5):898-901. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  18. Akseki D, Akkaya G, Erduran M, Pinar H. Patellofemoral ağri sendromunda diz ekleminin propriyosepsiyonu [Proprioception of the knee joint in patellofemoral pain syndrome]. Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc. 2008;42(5):316-21. Turkish. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  19. Piriyaprasarth P, Morris ME, Winter A, Bialocerkowski AE. The reliability of knee joint position testing using electrogoniometry. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2008;9:6. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  20. Pallant J. SPSS Survival Manual: A Step by Step Guide to Data Analysis Using IBM SPSS. 5th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Education (UK); 2013. [Crossref] 
  21. Akkaya MG. Patellofemoral ağrı sendromunda ısı uygulamasının dizin propriyoseptif düzeyine etkisi [Tıpta uzmanlık tezi]. Manisa: Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi; 2009. [Link] 
  22. Mtibaa K, Zarrouk N, Girard O, Ryu JH, Hautier C, Racinais S. Heat stress impairs proprioception but not running mechanics. J Sci Med Sport. 2019;22(12):1361-6. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  23. Mtibaa K, Thomson A, Nichols D, Hautier C, Racinais S. Hyperthermia-induced neural alterations impair proprioception and balance. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2018;50(1):46-53. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  24. Dover G, Powers ME. Cryotherapy does not impair shoulder joint position sense. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2004;85(8):1241-6. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  25. Hopper D, Whittington D, Davies J. Does ice immersion influence ankle joint position sense? Physiother Res Int. 1997;2(4):223-36. Erratum in: Physiother Res Int 1998;3(1):iii. Chartier JD [corrected to Davies J]. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  26. Ozmun JC, Thieme HA, Ingersoll CD, Knight KL. Cooling does not affect knee proprioception. J Athl Train. 1996;31(1):8-11. [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  27. Alexander J, Richards J, Attah O, Cheema S, Snook J, Wisdell C, et al. Delayed effects of a 20-min crushed ice application on knee joint position sense assessed by a functional task during a re-warming period. Gait Posture. 2018;62:173-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  28. Costello JT, Donnelly AE. Effects of cold water immersion on knee joint position sense in healthy volunteers. J Sports Sci. 2011;29(5):449-56. [Crossref] 
  29. Ribeiro F, Moreira S, Neto J, Oliveira J. Is the deleterious effect of cryotherapy on proprioception mitigated by exercise? Int J Sports Med. 2013;34(5):444-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  30. Ghaffarinejad F, Taghizadeh S, Mohammadi F. Effect of static stretching of muscles surrounding the knee on knee joint position sense. Br J Sports Med. 2007;41(10):684-7. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  31. Larsen R, Lund H, Christensen R, Røgind H, Danneskiold-Samsøe B, Bliddal H. Effect of static stretching of quadriceps and hamstring muscles on knee joint position sense. Br J Sports Med. 2005;39(1):43-6. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  32. Torres R, Duarte JA, Cabri JM. An acute bout of quadriceps muscle stretching has no influence on knee joint proprioception. J Hum Kinet. 2012;34:33-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  33. O?Sullivan K, Murray E, Sainsbury D. The effect of warm-up, static stretching and dynamic stretching on hamstring flexibility in previously injured subjects. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2009;10:37. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  34. Henricson AS, Fredriksson K, Persson I, Pereira R, Rostedt Y, Westlin NE. The effect of heat and stretching on the range of hip motion*. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1984;6(2):110-5. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  35. Proske U, Morgan DL, Gregory JE. Thixotropy in skeletal muscle and in muscle spindles: a review. Prog Neurobiol. 1993;41(6):705-21. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 

.: Up To Date

.: Process List

Login

 Forgot your password?

 New Registration  

Contact

Ortadoğu Reklam Tanıtım Yayıncılık Turizm Eğitim İnşaat Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.

.: Address

Turkocagi Caddesi No:30 06520 Balgat / ANKARA
Phone: +90 312 286 56 56
Fax: +90 312 220 04 70
E-mail: info@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Manuscript Editing Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 154 - 153
E-mail: yaziisleri@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: English Language Redaction

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 145
E-mail: tkyayindestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Marketing Sales-Project Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 142
E-mail: reklam@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Subscription and Public Relations Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 197
E-mail: abone@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Customer Services

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 197
E-mail: satisdestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

1. TERMS OF USE

1.1. To use the web pages with http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name or the websites reached through the sub domain names attached to the domain name (They will be collectively referred as "SITE"), please read the conditions below. If you do not accept these terms, please cease to use the "SITE." "SITE" owner reserves the right to change the information on the website, forms, contents, the "SITE," "SITE" terms of use anytime they want.

1.2. The owner of the "SITE" is Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. (From now on it is going to be referred as "Turkiye Klinikleri", shortly) and it resides at Turkocagi cad. No:30, 06520 Balgat Ankara. The services in the "SITE" are provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.3. Anyone accessing the "SITE" with or without a fee whether they are a natural person or a legal identity is considered to agree these terms of use. In this contract hereby, "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the stated terms anytime. These changes will be published in the "SITE" periodically and they will be valid when they are published. Any natural person or legal identity benefiting from and reaching to the "SITE" are considered to be agreed to any change on hereby contract terms done by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.4. The "Terms of Use" hereby is published in the website with the last change on March 30th 2014 and the "SITE" is activated by enabling the access to everyone. The "Terms of Use" hereby is also a part of the any "USER Contract" was and/or will be done with the users using "Turkiye Klinikleri" services with or without a fee an inseparable.

2. DEFINITIONS

2.1. "SITE": A website offering different kind of services and context with a certain frame determined by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and it is accessible on-line on http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name and/or subdomains connected to the domain name.

2.2. USER: A natural person or a legal identity accessing to the "SITE" through online settings.

2.3. LINK: A link enabling to access to another website through the "SITE", the files, the context or through another website to the "SITE", the files and the context.

2.4. CONTEXT: Any visual, literary and auditory images published in the "Turkiye Klinikleri", "SITE" and/or any website or any accessible information, file, picture, number/figures, price, etc.

2.5. "USER CONTRACT": An electronically signed contract between a natural or a legal identity benefiting from special services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide and "Turkiye Klinikleri".

3. SCOPE OF THE SERVICES

3.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine the scope and quality of the services via the "SITE".

3.2. To benefit the services of "Turkiye Klinikleri" "SITE", the "USER" must deliver the features that will be specified by "Turkiye Klinikleri". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change this necessity any time single-sided.

3.3. Not for a limited number, the services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide through the "SITE" for a certain price or for free are;

- Providing scientific articles, books and informative publications for health industry.

- Providing structural, statistical and editorial support to article preparation stage for scientific journals.

4. GENERAL PROVISIONS

4.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine which of the services and contents provided in the "SITE" will be charged.

4.2. People benefiting from the services provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and using the website can use the "SITE" only according to the law and only for personal reasons. Users have the criminal and civil liability for every process and action they take in the "SITE". Every USER agrees, declares and undertakes that they will not proceed by any function or action infringement of rights of "Turkiye Klinikleri"s and/or other third parties', they are the exclusive right holder on usage, processing, storage, made public and revealing any written, visual or auditory information reported to Turkiye Klinikleri" and/or "SITE" to the third parties. "USER" agrees and undertakes that s/he will not duplicate, copy, distribute, process, the pictures, text, visual and auditory images, video clips, files, databases, catalogs and lists within the "SITE", s/he will not be using these actions or with other ways to compete with "Turkiye Klinikleri", directly or indirectly.

4.3. The services provided and the context published within the "SITE" by third parties is not under the responsibility of "Turkiye Klinikleri", institutions collaborated with "Turkiye Klinikleri", "Turkiye Klinikleri" employee and directors, "Turkiye Klinikleri" authorized salespeople. Commitment to accuracy and legality of the published information, context, visual and auditory images provided by any third party are under the full responsibility of the third party. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not promise and guarantee the safety, accuracy and legality of the services and context provided by a third party.

4.4. "USER"s cannot act against "Turkiye Klinikleri", other "USER"s and third parties by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" has no direct and/or indirect responsibility for any damage a third party suffered or will suffer regarding "USER"s actions on the "SITE" against the rules of the hereby "Terms of Use" and the law.

4.5. "USER"s accept and undertake that the information and context they provided to the "SITE" are accurate and legal. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is not liable and responsible for promising and guaranteeing the verification of the information and context transmitted to "Turkiye Klinikleri" by the "USER"s, or uploaded, changed and provided through the "SITE" by them and whether these information are safe, accurate and legal.

4.6. "USER"s agree and undertake that they will not perform any action leading to unfair competition, weakening the personal and commercial credit of "Turkiye Klinikleri" and a third party,  encroaching and attacking on personal rights within the "SITE" in accordance with the Turkish Commercial Code Law.

4.7. "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the right to change the services and the context within the "SITE"  anytime. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use this right without any notification and timelessly. "USER"s have to make the changes and/or corrections "Turkiye Klinikleri" required immediately. Any changes and/or corrections that are required by "Turkiye Klinikleri", may be made by "Turkiye Klinikleri" when needed. Any harm, criminal and civil liability resulted or will result from changes and/or corrections required by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and were not made on time by the "USER"s belongs completely to the users.

4.8. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may give links through the "SITE" to other websites and/or "CONTEXT"s and/or folders that are outside of their control and owned and run by third parties. These links are provided for ease of reference only and do not hold qualification for support the respective web SITE or the admin or declaration or guarantee for the information inside. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not hold any responsibility over the web-sites connected through the links on the "SITE", folders and context, the services or products on the websites provided through these links or their context.

4.9. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use the information provided to them by the "USERS" through the "SITE" in line with the terms of the "PRIVACY POLICY" and "USER CONTRACT". It may process the information or classify and save them on a database. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may also use the USER's or visitor's identity, address, e-mail address, phone number, IP number, which sections of the "SITE" they visited, domain type, browser type, date and time information to provide statistical evaluation and customized services.

5. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

5.1. The information accessed through this "SITE" or provided by the users legally and all the elements (including but not limited to design, text, image, html code and other codes) of the "SITE" (all of them will be called as studies tied to "Turkiye Klinikleri"s copyrights) belongs to "Turkiye Klinikleri". Users do not have the right to resell, process, share, distribute, display or give someone permission to access or to use the "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information and the products under copyright protection by "Turkiye Klinikleri". Within hereby "Terms of Use" unless explicitly permitted by "Turkiye Klinikleri" nobody can reproduce, process, distribute or produce or prepare any study from those under "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyright protection.

5.2. Within hereby "Terms of Use", "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the rights for "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information, the products associated with "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyrights, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trademarks, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trade looks or its all rights for other entity and information it has through this website unless it is explicitly authorized by "Turkiye Klinikleri".

6. CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF USE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com