War Psychology

Savaşta Travma ve Dissosiyasyona Müdahaleler ve Psikososyal Destek Hizmetleri
Interventions to Trauma and Dissociation in Warfare and Psychosocial Support Services
Kerem ÇETİNKAYAa , Erdal HAMARTAb
aMilli Savunma Üniversitesi Deniz Harp Okulu Dekanlığı, Eğitim Bilimleri Bölümü, İstanbul, Türkiye
bNecmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Ahmet Keleşoğlu Eğitim Fakültesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Bölümü, Rehberlik ve Psikolojik Danışmanlık ABD, Konya, Türkiye
Çertinkaya K, Hamarta E. Savaşta travma ve dissosiyasyona müdahaleler ve psikososyal destek hizmetleri. Öztürk E, editör. Savaş Psikolojisi. 1. Baskı. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri; 2023. p.113-26.
Article Language: TR
ÖZET
 Savaşlar, sahip oldukları yıkıcı güçle sadece nesneler üzerinde değil, bireylerin ruh sağlığı üzerinde de ciddi tahribatlar yaratabilmektedirler. Bu yıkıcı güce maruz kalmak, toplumlarda ve bireylerde ekonomik, sosyolojik ve psikolojik alanlarda birçok farklı psikotoplumsal sorunun ortaya çıkmasına sebep olmaktadır. Bu problemlerin başında da ruhsal travmalar ve beraberinde gelişebilen dissosiyojen psikopatolojiler yer almaktadır. Savaş durumu; ölüm, yaralanma, hastalık ve kayıp gibi ciddi travmatik durumları bir arada barındırmaktadır. Kümülatif travmalara yol açan bu yıkıcı deneyim, ruhsal sorunların büyüklüğünü, yaygınlığını ve ciddiyetini etkilemektedir. Tüm travma türlerinde olduğu gibi savaş travması da bireylerin ruhsal entegrasyonunu hedef almaktadır. Savaş travmasıyla ruhsal bütünlüğün yıkıma uğraması yalnızca birey bazında gerçekleşmemekte çoğu zaman toplumun önemli bir kesimini de etkisi altına almaktadır. Bu nedenle bireylerin ve toplumun ruhsal entegrasyonunu sağlayabilmek adına modern psikotravmatolojinin kapsamlı ve holistik çalışmalarına ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Savaş travmasıyla mücadele etmek ve travmaya yönelik psikososyal müdahale hizmetleri planlamak, geliştirmek, uygulamak, bireyin ve toplumun entegrasyonu açısından oldukça önem arz etmektedir. Bu sebeple de savaş travmasıyla ilişkili ruhsal bozukluklara yönelik psikososyal destek çalışmalarında görev almak, psikotravmatoloji alanında çalışan ruh sağlığı uzmanları başta olmak üzere tüm ruh sağlığı uzmanlarının önemli sorumluluklarından biridir. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı psikotravmatoloji perspektifinde savaş travması ve dissosiyasyona yönelik psikososyal müdahaleler konusu ele alınmaktadır. Ayrıca savaş travmasının neden olduğu ciddi ruhsal sorunların çözümüne yönelik hazırlanmış veya uygulanmış psikososyal çalışmaların incelenmesi ve bu çalışmalar hakkında bilgi verilmesi hedeflenmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Savaş; psikolojik travma; disosiyatif bozukluklar; psikososyal destek sistemleri; psikososyal müdahale
ABSTRACT
 Wars pose a risk not only to the objects but also to the mental health of individuals due to the nature of comprising severe destruction. The states brought on by the exposure to such a destruction may lead to the emergence of many different problems in societies and individuals regarding economical, sociological and psychological issues. The psychological traumas and the dissociative psychopathologies are the most noticeable of these issues. Warfare houses serious destructive elements like death, injuries, diseases and loses within. Such an experience of destructive states, causing cumulative traumas, affects the extent, prevalence and seriousness of mental problems. War trauma assaults psychological integrity of individuals, as does all trauma. The trauma caused destruction of psychological integrity of war does not only occur on an individual basis, but often affects a significant part of the society. Thus, comprehensive and holistic studies/practices of modern psychotraumatology are needed in order to ensure the psychological integration of individuals and society. For the integration of individual and society, dealing with such issues and planning, creating, and implementing psycho-social support services are extremely important. In this manner, participating in psychosocial support studies/practices related with psychological disorders stemming from war traumas stands as a major responsibility of mental health professionals, those specialized in psychotraumatology in particular. The principal goal of the current study is to investigate overall war trauma and psychosocial interventions for dissociation through the perspective of psychotraumatology. Additionally, it aims to review psychosocial studies created or used to address mental health issues brought on by war traumas and to raise awareness about these studies.

Keywords: Warfare; psychological trauma; dissociative disorders; psychosocial support systems; psychosocial ıntervention

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