Journal of Literature Pharmacy Sciences

Sağlık Alanında Kullanılan Hasta Başı Testler: Geleneksel Derleme
Point of Care Tests in Healthcare: Traditional Review
Fadime BİLMEZa , Hasan İŞBİLİRb , Seda Nur TOPKAYAc
aSerbest Eczacı, İzmir, Türkiye
bİzmir Kâtip Çelebi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Nanobilim ve Nanoteknoloji ABD, İzmir, Türkiye
cİzmir Kâtip Çelebi Üniversitesi Eczacılık Fakültesi, Temel Eczacılık Bölümü, Analitik Kimya ABD, İzmir, Türkiye
J Lit Pharm Sci. 2024;13(1):46-56
doi: 10.5336/pharmsci.2023-99468
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Bu geleneksel derleme makalesi, sağlık alanında önemli bir yer tutan, laboratuvar ortamı dışında hastaların yanında veya yakınında hızlı ve anlık sonuçların elde edildiği testler olan ''hasta başı test'' veya İngilizcesiyle ''point of care testing (POCT)'' konusunu detaylı bir şekilde ele almaktadır. POCT'ler, hastalardan alınan örneklerin hızlı bir şekilde analiz edilmesini ve sonuçların kolayca elde edilmesini sağlar. Bu testler, özellikle hızlı müdahale gerektiren acil durumlarda ve uzak bölgelerde sağlık hizmetlerinin geliştirilmesi için önemlidir. Bu yöntem örneklerin merkezî laboratuvarlara gönderilmesi yerine, test sonuçlarını anında ve yerinde sunarak hastalara hızlı tanı, tedavi ve takip olanağı sağlar. Bununla birlikte, bu yöntemin dezavantajları da vardır. Bu testlerin uygulanması sırasında özellikle preanalitik, analitik ve postanalitik aşamalarda karşılaşılan sorunlar ve riskler dikkate alınmalıdır. Örneğin POCT cihazlarının doğruluğunu ve güvenilirliğini korumak çok önemlidir. Ayrıca sağlık profesyonellerinin POCT cihazlarını işletme ve sonuçları yorumlama konusunda yeterli eğitime sahip olması gerekliliği mevcuttur. Bu makalede, POCT'lerin tanımı başta olmak üzere bu testlerin avantajları, bu testleri kullanırken karşılaşılabilecek olası riskler ve dezavantajlar, teknik sınırlamalar, bu testlerin klasik laboratuvar yöntemleri ile karşılaştırılması ve günümüzde yaygın olarak kullanılan çeşitli test örneklerinden bahsedilmiştir. POCT olarak kullanılan glukoz, gebelik, ovulasyon, kan gazı, kardiyak belirteçler, dipstick idrar, gaitada gizli kan ve insan immün yetmezlik virüsü testleri incelenmiştir. Ayrıca POCT'lerin literatürdeki önemi ve uygulama alanları vurgulanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Hasta başı test; bakım noktası testi; laboratuvar dışı test
ABSTRACT
 This traditional review article thoroughly discusses the topic of ''point of care testing (POCT)'', which is a significant component in the field of healthcare. POCT refers to rapid and on-thespot testing that takes place outside the traditional laboratory environment, often right next to or in the vicinity of patients. Point of Care Tests allows for swift analysis of samples taken from patients, ensuring that results are readily obtained. These tests are particularly vital in emergency situations that demand quick intervention and for the enhancement of healthcare services in remote areas. Instead of sending samples to central laboratories, this method provides patients with rapid diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring on-site. Nonetheless, there are drawbacks to this approach, especially related to issues and risks encountered in the pre-analytical, analytical, and post-analytical phases. For example, it is crucial to maintain the accuracy and reliability of POCT devices, and healthcare professionals must receive adequate training to operate these devices and interpret the results. This article covers various aspects of Point of Care Testing, including the definition of these tests, their advantages, potential risks and disadvantages, technical limitations, a comparison with conventional laboratory methods, and various types of test samples commonly used today. The article explores Point of Care Tests for glucose, pregnancy, ovulation, blood gas, cardiac markers, dipstick urine, fecal occult blood, and human immundeficiency virus. It also emphasizes the significance and application areas of POCT in the literature.

Keywords: Point of care tests; bedsite testing; near patient testing
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