Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Gastroenterohepatology

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Safra Kesesinin Metaplazi-Displazi-Karsinom Sekansında p16 ve p21 İmmünreaktivitesi
p16 and p21 Immunoreactivity in Metaplasia-Dysplasia-Carcinoma Sequence of the Gallbladder
Ebru AKAYa, Ganime ÇOBANb, Kemal DENİZc, Tahir Ercan PATIROĞLUc, Abdurrahman AKAYd, Ferhan ELMALIe
aTıbbi Patoloji Laboratuvarı, Kayseri Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Kayseri
bTıbbi Patoloji AD, Bezmiâlem Vakıf Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, İstanbul
cTıbbi Patoloji AD,
eBiyoistatistik AD, Erciyes Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Kayseri
dGenel Cerrahi Kliniği, Ağrı Devlet Hastanesi, Ağrı
Turkiye Klinikleri J Gastroenterohepatol. 2014;21(1):1-8
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
Amaç: Biliyer sistemde kanser gelişim basamakları net olarak aydınlatılamamıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, safra kesesi karsinomlarında da midede görülen intestinal metaplaziye benzer şekilde metaplazi-displazi-karsinom sekansının bulunup bulunmadığı ve p16 ile p21 immünohistokimyasal belirleyicilerin bu sekans içerisinde rolü olup olmadığının araştırılmasıdır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: 2004-2011 yılları arasında Erciyes Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Patoloji Ana Bilim Dalında normal histolojik sınırlarda safra kesesi (n=18), metaplazi (n=22), displazi (n=3) ve karsinom (n=30) tanıları almış toplam 73 olgu incelemeye alındı. Yirmi iki metaplazi olgusuna tümöral alanlar çevresinde görülen altı adet metaplazi dâhil edilerek, toplam 28 metaplazi olgusu değerlendirildi. Displazi olgularının üçü bu tanıyı almış olup, diğer 14 olgu adenokarsinom olgularının preparatları arasından, kansere komşu mukozadan seçildi. Tüm olgulara immünohistokimyasal olarak p16 ve p21 uygulandı. Bulgular: Bu çalışmada, normal epitelde p16 ile boyanma olmadı. Metaplazi, displazi ve karsinom olgularında ise değişen oranlarda p16 ekspresyonu görüldü. Normal epitel ile diğer tüm olgular p16 açısından değerlendirildiğinde normal epitelde boyanma olmaması istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulundu (p=0,000). Normal epitele sahip tüm olgularda p21 ekspresyonu izlenirken metaplaziden displaziye doğru p21 ekspresyonu olan olguların sayısında ve boyanma oranlarında azalma görülmesi istatistiksel olarak anlamlıdır (p=0,000). Ayrıca, p16 ve p21 normal epitelde ve displazi olgularında birlikte değerlendirildiğinde p16 ile normal epitele oranla displazi olgularında boyanma oranlarında artış olması ve p21 ile dispazilerde boyanma oranlarının normal epitelden displaziye doğru azalması istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur (p=0,001). Sonuç: Normal safra kesesi epiteline oranla lezyonlardaki p21 ekspresyon kaybı ve p16 overekspresyonunun varlığı karsinogenezdeki çok aşamalı gelişimin evreleri olarak yorumlandığı zaman bulgular metaplazi-displazi-karsinom sekansını desteklemektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Safra kesesi tümörleri; siklin bağımlı kinaz inhibitörü p16; siklin bağımlı kinaz inhibitörü p21; immünohistokimya
ABSTRACT
Objective: Cascade of cancer development hasn't been fully elucidated in biliary system. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether there is a metaplasia-dysplasia-carcinoma sequence as in the intestinal metaplasia seen at stomach and whether immunohistochemical markers, p16 and p21, have a role in this sequence. Material and Methods: 73 cases, which were diagnosed as gallbladder in normal histological range (n=18), metaplasia (n=22), dysplasia (n=3) and carcionoma (n=30) at Pathology Department Erciyes University, Medicine School, between 2004 and 2011, were reviewed. Overall 28 metaplasia cases were evaluated by adding 6 metaplasia findngs observed peritumoral areas to original 22 metaplasia cases. Of the dysplasia cases, 3 were originally diagnosed as dysplasia, while further 14 cases were selected among adenocarcinoma preparations, which were obtained from adjacent mucosa. All cases were evaluated for p16 and p21 by immunohistochemistry. Results: In this study, no p16 staining was present in normal epithelium; however, varying degrees of p16 expression was seen in cases with metaplasia, dysplasia and carcinoma. When normal epithelium and all other cases were considered in terms of p16 staining, absence of staining in normal epithelium found to be significant (p=0.000). p21 expression was observed in all cases with normal epithelium, while number of cases with p21 expression and staining degree were decreased gradually, as being highest in metaplasia and lowest in displasia; this finding was also significant (p=0.000). Furthermore, when p16 and 021 were assessed in combination in cases with normal epithelium or dysplasia, presence of an increase in the degree of p16 staining and number of p16 positive cases was found to be significant, whereas a gradual decrease from normal epithelium to dysplasia in the degree of p21 staining was considered as significant (p=0.001). Conclusion: In this study, loss of p21 expression and overexpression of p16 supports metaplasia-dysplasia-carcinoma sequence, when these findings are interpreted as the phases of multi-step development in carcinogenesis.

Keywords: Gallbladder neoplasms; cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p16; cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21; immunohistochemistry

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