Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Biostatistics

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
RNA Sekanslama Verileri ile Makine Öğrenimi ve Derin Öğrenme Kullanımı: Metodolojik Bir Çalışma
RNA Sequencing Data with Machine Learning and Deep Learning Usage: A Methodological Study
Ragıp Onur ÖZTORNACIa
aKoç Üniversitesi Translasyonel Araştırma Merkezi, Biyoistatistik ABD, İstanbul, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Biostat. 2024;16(1):58-70
doi: 10.5336/biostatic.2023-100186
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, klasik istatistiksel yaklaşımlar yerine RNA sekanslama verilerini analiz etmek için popüler makine öğrenimi ve derin öğrenme yöntemlerini kullanarak farklı bir perspektif sunmaktır. Ayrıca makine öğrenimi ve derin öğrenme konularında bilgi sağlamaktır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Makine öğrenimi ve derin öğrenme yöntemlerini kullanarak, astım ve böbrek transplantasyonuna ait iki farklı ham veri seti (GSE85567 ve GSE129166) ''National Center for Biotechnology Information'' veri tabanından indirilmiş ve gerekli kalite kontrol ve hizalama prosedürlerinden geçirilmiştir. Hasta-kontrol ayrımını elde etmek için rastgele orman [random forest (RF)], destek vektör makineleri [support vector machines (SVM)] ve derin sinir ağları [deep neural networks (DNN)] modelleri uygulanmıştır. Tüm veri setleri aşırı uyumu önlemek amacıyla %67,5 eğitim, %10 test ve %22,5 doğrulama verisi olarak bölünmüş ve modellerin eğitim aşamalarında 10-katlı çapraz geçerlilik kullanılmıştır. Makine öğrenimi ve derin öğrenme için Python programlama dili ve veri işleme için Unix işletim (AT&T Bell Laboratuvarları, ABD) sistemi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: GSE129166 veri setinde RF modelinin validasyon setinde elde ettiği doğruluk oranı 0,89 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Bu modelin hassasiyeti 0,88 ve duyarlılığı 0,92 olarak belirlenmiştir. SVM modeli validasyon setinde elde ettiği doğruluk oranı 0,88 olarak ölçülmüş, test setinde ise 0,87 olarak belirlenmiştir. GSE85567 veri seti için RF modelinin validasyon setinde doğruluk oranı 0,73 olarak ölçülmüştür. SVM için validasyon setinde doğruluk oranı 0,70 olarak ölçülmüş, DNN için ise 0,75 olarak ölçülmüştür. Sonuç: GSE85567 veri seti üzerinde yapılan çalışma, RF ve SVM modellerinin yüksek doğruluk ve performans sergilediğini göstermektedir. DNN modeli ise daha dengeli bir hassasiyet ve duyarlılık oranına sahip olup, önemli bir alternatif olarak gözlemlenmiştir. Üç modelin RNA-sekanslama verileri için hasta-kontrol sınıflaması için uygun olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: RNA sekanslama verileri; makine öğrenimi; derin öğrenme
ABSTRACT
Objective: The aim of this study is to provide a different perspective on the analysis of RNA sequencing data by employing popular machine learning and deep learning methods, rather than classical statistical approaches. Additionally, it aims to provide insights into machine learning and deep learning concepts. Material and Methods: Utilizing machine learning and deep learning techniques, two distinct raw datasets pertaining to asthma and kidney transplantation (GSE85567 and GSE129166) were retrieved from the National Center for Biotechnology Information database and subsequently subjected to requisite quality control and alignment procedures. Random forest (RF), support vector machines (SVM), and deep neural networks (DNN) models were implemented to achieve patient-control differentiation. To prevent overfitting, all data sets were divided into 67.5% training, 10% testing, and 22.5% validation data, and 10-fold cross-validation was employed during the training stages of the models. Python programming language was used for both machine learning and deep learning, and Unix operating (AT&T Bell Laboratories, USA) system was utilized for data processing. Results: In the GSE129166 data set, the RF model obtained an accuracy rate of 0.89 in the validation set. The precision and recall of this model were determined as 0.88 and 0.92, respectively. The SVM model measured an accuracy rate of 0.88 in the validation set, and 0.87 in the test set. For the GSE85567 data set, the accuracy rate of the RF model in the validation set was measured as 0.73. For SVM, the accuracy rate in the validation set was measured as 0.70, while for DNN, it was measured as 0.75. Conclusion: The study conducted on the GSE85567 data set demonstrates that RF and SVM models exhibit high accuracy and performance. The DNN model, on the other hand, has a more balanced precision and recall rate, and is observed to be a significant alternative. Additionally, it is observed that the DNN model shows effective performance on the GSE129166 data set. Particularly, a high accuracy rate and a balanced precision-recall balance were observed in the validation set. It is concluded that all three models are suitable for patient-control classification in RNA-seq data.

Keywords: RNA-sequencing; machine learning; deep learning
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