Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Health Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Reliability and Validity of the Turkish Version of Baecke Habitual Physical Activity Questionnaire in Healthy Adults
Sağlıklı Yetişkinlerde Baecke Habitual Fiziksel Aktivite Anketinin Türkçe Güvenilirliğinin ve Geçerliğinin İncelenmesi
Gökhan YAZICIa, Melek VOLKAN-YAZICIb, Çağla ÖZKULa, Fatmagül VAROLc, Deniz BAYRAKTARd
aDepartment of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Gazi University Faculty of Health Sciences, Ankara, TURKEY
bDepartment of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Yüksek İhtisas University Faculty of Health Sciences, Ankara, TURKEY
cDepartment of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Hamidiye University Faculty of Health Sciences, İstanbul TURKEY
dDepartment of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, İzmir Kâtip Çelebi University Faculty of Health Sciences, İzmir, TURKEY
Turkiye Klinikleri J Health Sci. 2021;6(3):476-82
doi: 10.5336/healthsci.2020-76783
Article Language: EN
Full Text
ABSTRACT
 Objective: Physical activity plays an important role in maintaining health, preventing causes of disability and even death. To be able to manage physical inactivity and the associated millions of deaths per year, we need to understand the basic principles that govern physical activity. Baecke Habitual Physical Activity Questionnaire (BHPAQ) has widely been employed in clinical settings and research however, the reliability and validity of this questionnaire have not been investigated amongst the Turkish population. The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of the Turkish Version of BHPAQ in Healthy Adults. Material and Methods: A total of 194 healthy subjects (93 female, 101 male) were included in the study. BHPAQ was translated using a back-translation technique to Turkish. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used for construct validity (Spearman's rho). Intra class coefficients (ICCs) were used for reliability, and Cronbach's alpha was used for internal consistency. Results: The statistical analysis showed that all BHPAQ subscores had almost perfect test'retest reliability. According to the analysis, ICC varied from 0.98 to 0.99 in all of the BHPAQ sub-scores. BHPAQ total score was found moderately related to IPAQ total score (rho: 0.47 p<0.001). Conclusion: The findings revealed that the Turkish version of BHPAQ and its sub-scores show excellent reproducibility and moderate construct validity.

Keywords: Physical activity; healthy subjects; measurement; assessment
ÖZET
 Amaç: Fiziksel aktivite, özürlülüğü ve hatta ölüme neden olabilecek faktörleri önlemek için önemlidir. Fiziksel inaktiviteye bağlı olarak her yıl meydana gelen milyonlarca ölümü önleyebilmek için fiziksel aktivitenin detaylıca ölçülmesi gerekmektedir. Baecke Habitual Fiziksel Aktivite Anketi (BHPAQ) klinik ortamda ve araştırmalarda yaygın olarak kullanılan bir anket olmasına rağmen bu anketin Türk olgulardaki güvenilirliği ve geçerliği araştırılmamıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, BHPAQ'nun sağlıklı yetişkinlerde Türkçe versiyonunun güvenilirliğini ve geçerliğini incelemektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya 194 (93 kadın, 101 erkek) sağlıklı olgu dâhil edildi. BHPAQ, çevirigeri çeviri tekniği kullanılarak Türkçeye çevrildi. Yapı geçerliğinin araştırılması için Uluslararası Fiziksel Aktivite Anketi [International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)] kullanılmıştır (Spearman's Rho). Güvenilirlik için sınıf içi korelasyon katsayısı [intra class coefficients (ICC)], iç tutarlılık için Cronbach's alfa kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: İstatistiksel analiz sonuçları, tüm BHPAQ alt skorlarının neredeyse mükemmel test-tekrar test güvenilirliğine sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Analize göre, tüm BHPAQ alt skorlarında ICC; 0,98 ile 0,99 arasında değişmiştir. BHPAQ toplam puanı IPAQ toplam puanı ile orta derecede ilişkili bulunmuştur (rho=0,47, p<0,001). Sonuç: Bulgular, Türkçe BHPAQ ve alt puanlarının mükemmel tekrarlanabilirliği ve orta düzeyde yapı geçerliliği gösterdiğini ortaya koymuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Fiziksel aktivite; sağlıklı bireyler; ölçüm; değerlendirme
REFERENCES:
  1. WHO, Constitution of the World Health Organization. Global recommendations on physical activity for health; 2010. Date of access: 3.3.2020. [Link] 
  2. Warburton DER, Bredin SSD. Health benefits of physical activity: a systematic review of current systematic reviews. Curr Opin Cardiol. 2017;32(5):541-56. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  3. WHO, Constitution of the World Health Organization. Global action plan on physical activity 2018-2030: more active people for a healthier world; 2019. Date of access: 3.3.2020. [Link] 
  4. Dowd KP, Szeklicki R, Minetto MA, Murphy MH, Polito A, Ghigo E, et al. A systematic literature review of reviews on techniques for physical activity measurement in adults: a DEDIPAC study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2018;15(1):15. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  5. Shephard RJ, Tudor-Lucke C. A history of physical activity measurement in epidemiology. The Objective Monitoring of Physical Activity: Contributions of Accelerometry to Epidemiology, Exercise Science and Rehabilitation. Aktiengesellschaft: CH Springer International Publishing; 2016. p.39-83. [Crossref] 
  6. Prince SA, Adamo KB, Hamel ME, Hardt J, Connor Gorber S, Tremblay M. A comparison of direct versus self-report measures for assessing physical activity in adults: a systematic review. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2008;5:56. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  7. Welk GJ. Methods for Assessing Phsical Activity and Challenges for Research. 1st ed. Physical activity assessments for health-related research. Champaign, IL, USA: Human Kinetics; 2002. p.19-35.
  8. Kelly P, Fitzsimons C, Baker G. Should we reframe how we think about physical activity and sedentary behaviour measurement? Validity and reliability reconsidered. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2016;13:32. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  9. Thomas JR, Nelson JK, Silverman SJ. Research Methods in Physical Activity. 7th ed. Stanningley, LS, UK: Human Kinetics; 2015. p.133-242.
  10. Beaton DE, Bombardier C, Guillemin F, Ferraz MB. Guidelines for the process of cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2000;25(24):3186-91. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  11. Baecke JA, Burema J, Frijters JE. A short questionnaire for the measurement of habitual physical activity in epidemiological studies. Am J Clin Nutr. 1982;36(5):936-42. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  12. Ho SC, Yu R, Chan S. Comparison of the modified Chinese Baecke Questionnaire with a 3-day activity diary in a Hong Kong Chinese population. Asia Pac J Public Health. 2015;27(2):NP2358-71. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  13. Silva FG, Oliveira CB, Hisamatsu TM, Negrão Filho RF, Rodrigues CRD, Franco MR, et al. Critical evaluation of physical activity questionnaires translated to Brazilian-Portuguese: a systematic review on cross-cultural adaptation and measurements properties. Braz J Phys Ther. 2020;24(3):187-218. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  14. Sadeghisani M, Dehghan Manshadi F, Azimi H, Montazeri A. Validity and reliability of the persian version of baecke habitual physical activity questionnaire in healthy subjects. Asian J Sports Med. 2016;7(3):e31778. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  15. Carvalho FA, Morelhão PK, Franco MR, Maher CG, Smeets RJEM, Oliveira CB, et al. Reliability and validity of two multidimensional self-reported physical activity questionnaires in people with chronic low back pain. Musculoskelet Sci Pract. 2017;27:65-70. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  16. Ono R, Hirata S, Yamada M, Nishiyama T, Kurosaka M, Tamura Y. Reliability and validity of the Baecke physical activity questionnaire in adult women with hip disorders. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2007;8:61. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  17. Florindo AA, Hallal PC, Moura EC, Malta DC. Practice of physical activities and associated factors in adults, Brazil, 2006. Rev Saude Publica. 2009;43 Suppl 2:65-73. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  18. Craig CL, Marshall AL, Sjöström M, Bauman AE, Booth ML, Ainsworth BE, et al. International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003;35(8):1381-95. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  19. Saglam M, Arikan H, Savci S, Inal-Ince D, Bosnak-Guclu M, Karabulut E, et al. International physical activity questionnaire: reliability and validity of the Turkish version. Percept Mot Skills. 2010;111(1):278-84. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  20. Garber CE, Blissmer B, Deschenes MR, Franklin BA, Lamonte MJ, Lee IM, et al; American College of Sports Medicine. American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory, musculoskeletal, and neuromotor fitness in apparently healthy adults: guidance for prescribing exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011;43(7):1334-59. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  21. Norman GR, Streiner DL. Biostatistics: The Bare Essentials. 3rd ed. Hamilton: ON, CA; BC Decker Inc; 2008. p.70-320.
  22. Philippaerts RM, Lefevre J. Reliability and validity of three physical activity questionnaires in Flemish males. Am J Epidemiol. 1998;147(10):982-90. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  23. Pols MA, Peeters PH, Bueno-De-Mesquita HB, Ocké MC, Wentink CA, Kemper HC, Collette HJ. Validity and repeatability of a modified Baecke questionnaire on physical activity. Int J Epidemiol. 1995;24(2):381-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  24. Oyeyemi AL, Moss SJ, Monyeki MA, Kruger HS. Measurement of physical activity in urban and rural South African adults: a comparison of two self-report methods. BMC Public Health. 2016;16(1):1004. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  25. Hertogh EM, Monninkhof EM, Schouten EG, Peeters PH, Schuit AJ. Validity of the modified Baecke questionnaire: comparison with energy expenditure according to the doubly labeled water method. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2008;5:30. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 

.: Up To Date

.: Process List

Login

 Forgot your password?

 New Registration  

Contact

Ortadoğu Reklam Tanıtım Yayıncılık Turizm Eğitim İnşaat Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.

.: Address

Turkocagi Caddesi No:30 06520 Balgat / ANKARA
Phone: +90 312 286 56 56
Fax: +90 312 220 04 70
E-mail: info@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Manuscript Editing Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 2
E-mail: yaziisleri@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: English Language Redaction

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 145
E-mail: tkyayindestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Marketing Sales-Project Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 142
E-mail: reklam@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Subscription and Public Relations Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: abone@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Customer Services

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: satisdestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

1. TERMS OF USE

1.1. To use the web pages with http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name or the websites reached through the sub domain names attached to the domain name (They will be collectively referred as "SITE"), please read the conditions below. If you do not accept these terms, please cease to use the "SITE." "SITE" owner reserves the right to change the information on the website, forms, contents, the "SITE," "SITE" terms of use anytime they want.

1.2. The owner of the "SITE" is Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. (From now on it is going to be referred as "Turkiye Klinikleri", shortly) and it resides at Turkocagi cad. No:30, 06520 Balgat Ankara. The services in the "SITE" are provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.3. Anyone accessing the "SITE" with or without a fee whether they are a natural person or a legal identity is considered to agree these terms of use. In this contract hereby, "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the stated terms anytime. These changes will be published in the "SITE" periodically and they will be valid when they are published. Any natural person or legal identity benefiting from and reaching to the "SITE" are considered to be agreed to any change on hereby contract terms done by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.4. The "Terms of Use" hereby is published in the website with the last change on March 30th 2014 and the "SITE" is activated by enabling the access to everyone. The "Terms of Use" hereby is also a part of the any "USER Contract" was and/or will be done with the users using "Turkiye Klinikleri" services with or without a fee an inseparable.

2. DEFINITIONS

2.1. "SITE": A website offering different kind of services and context with a certain frame determined by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and it is accessible on-line on http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name and/or subdomains connected to the domain name.

2.2. USER: A natural person or a legal identity accessing to the "SITE" through online settings.

2.3. LINK: A link enabling to access to another website through the "SITE", the files, the context or through another website to the "SITE", the files and the context.

2.4. CONTEXT: Any visual, literary and auditory images published in the "Turkiye Klinikleri", "SITE" and/or any website or any accessible information, file, picture, number/figures, price, etc.

2.5. "USER CONTRACT": An electronically signed contract between a natural or a legal identity benefiting from special services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide and "Turkiye Klinikleri".

3. SCOPE OF THE SERVICES

3.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine the scope and quality of the services via the "SITE".

3.2. To benefit the services of "Turkiye Klinikleri" "SITE", the "USER" must deliver the features that will be specified by "Turkiye Klinikleri". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change this necessity any time single-sided.

3.3. Not for a limited number, the services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide through the "SITE" for a certain price or for free are;

- Providing scientific articles, books and informative publications for health industry.

- Providing structural, statistical and editorial support to article preparation stage for scientific journals.

4. GENERAL PROVISIONS

4.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine which of the services and contents provided in the "SITE" will be charged.

4.2. People benefiting from the services provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and using the website can use the "SITE" only according to the law and only for personal reasons. Users have the criminal and civil liability for every process and action they take in the "SITE". Every USER agrees, declares and undertakes that they will not proceed by any function or action infringement of rights of "Turkiye Klinikleri"s and/or other third parties', they are the exclusive right holder on usage, processing, storage, made public and revealing any written, visual or auditory information reported to Turkiye Klinikleri" and/or "SITE" to the third parties. "USER" agrees and undertakes that s/he will not duplicate, copy, distribute, process, the pictures, text, visual and auditory images, video clips, files, databases, catalogs and lists within the "SITE", s/he will not be using these actions or with other ways to compete with "Turkiye Klinikleri", directly or indirectly.

4.3. The services provided and the context published within the "SITE" by third parties is not under the responsibility of "Turkiye Klinikleri", institutions collaborated with "Turkiye Klinikleri", "Turkiye Klinikleri" employee and directors, "Turkiye Klinikleri" authorized salespeople. Commitment to accuracy and legality of the published information, context, visual and auditory images provided by any third party are under the full responsibility of the third party. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not promise and guarantee the safety, accuracy and legality of the services and context provided by a third party.

4.4. "USER"s cannot act against "Turkiye Klinikleri", other "USER"s and third parties by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" has no direct and/or indirect responsibility for any damage a third party suffered or will suffer regarding "USER"s actions on the "SITE" against the rules of the hereby "Terms of Use" and the law.

4.5. "USER"s accept and undertake that the information and context they provided to the "SITE" are accurate and legal. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is not liable and responsible for promising and guaranteeing the verification of the information and context transmitted to "Turkiye Klinikleri" by the "USER"s, or uploaded, changed and provided through the "SITE" by them and whether these information are safe, accurate and legal.

4.6. "USER"s agree and undertake that they will not perform any action leading to unfair competition, weakening the personal and commercial credit of "Turkiye Klinikleri" and a third party,  encroaching and attacking on personal rights within the "SITE" in accordance with the Turkish Commercial Code Law.

4.7. "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the right to change the services and the context within the "SITE"  anytime. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use this right without any notification and timelessly. "USER"s have to make the changes and/or corrections "Turkiye Klinikleri" required immediately. Any changes and/or corrections that are required by "Turkiye Klinikleri", may be made by "Turkiye Klinikleri" when needed. Any harm, criminal and civil liability resulted or will result from changes and/or corrections required by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and were not made on time by the "USER"s belongs completely to the users.

4.8. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may give links through the "SITE" to other websites and/or "CONTEXT"s and/or folders that are outside of their control and owned and run by third parties. These links are provided for ease of reference only and do not hold qualification for support the respective web SITE or the admin or declaration or guarantee for the information inside. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not hold any responsibility over the web-sites connected through the links on the "SITE", folders and context, the services or products on the websites provided through these links or their context.

4.9. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use the information provided to them by the "USERS" through the "SITE" in line with the terms of the "PRIVACY POLICY" and "USER CONTRACT". It may process the information or classify and save them on a database. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may also use the USER's or visitor's identity, address, e-mail address, phone number, IP number, which sections of the "SITE" they visited, domain type, browser type, date and time information to provide statistical evaluation and customized services.

5. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

5.1. The information accessed through this "SITE" or provided by the users legally and all the elements (including but not limited to design, text, image, html code and other codes) of the "SITE" (all of them will be called as studies tied to "Turkiye Klinikleri"s copyrights) belongs to "Turkiye Klinikleri". Users do not have the right to resell, process, share, distribute, display or give someone permission to access or to use the "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information and the products under copyright protection by "Turkiye Klinikleri". Within hereby "Terms of Use" unless explicitly permitted by "Turkiye Klinikleri" nobody can reproduce, process, distribute or produce or prepare any study from those under "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyright protection.

5.2. Within hereby "Terms of Use", "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the rights for "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information, the products associated with "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyrights, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trademarks, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trade looks or its all rights for other entity and information it has through this website unless it is explicitly authorized by "Turkiye Klinikleri".

6. CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF USE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com