Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Nursing Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Psikiyatri Hemşireliği Dersi Alan Öğrencilerin Şizofreniye Yönelik Tutumlarının Çizme-Yazma Tekniği ile İncelenmesi
An Exploration of the Attitudes of Students Taking Psychiatric Nursing Course Towards Schizophrenia by Drawing-Writing-Technique
Nurşen KULAKAÇa, Sevda UZUNb
aGümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Hemşirelik Bölümü, Cerrahi Hastalıkları Hemşireliği ABD, Gümüşhane, TÜRKİYE
bGümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Hemşirelik Bölümü, Ruh Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Hemşireliği ABD, Gümüşhane, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Nurs Sci. 2020;12(4):596-606
doi: 10.5336/nurses.2020-74781
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Amaç: Sağlık çalışanlarının şizofreni hastalığına karşı damgalayıcı tutumları, hastaların yaşamlarını olumsuz etkileyebilir. Geleceğin sağlık profesyonelleri olan hemşirelik son sınıf öğrencilerinin şizofreni konusundaki tutumları oldukça önemlidir. Bu araştırmanın amacı psikiyatri hemşireliği dersi alan hemşirelik son sınıf öğrencilerinin şizofreniye yönelik tutumlarının (düşünce, duygu ve inançlarının) çizme-yazma tekniği ile belirlenmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmada nitel araştırma modeli kapsamında durum çalışması deseni kullanılmıştır. Çalışmaya psikiyatri hemşireliği dersi alan 67 hemşirelik son sınıf öğrencisi katılmıştır. Verilerin toplanmasında çizme-yazma tekniğinden yararlanılmıştır. Verilerin analiz edilmesinde içerik analizi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışma sonucunda öğrencilerin şizofreni kavramına ilişkin çizimlerinin analizinden 7 kategori, açıklamalarının analizinden 8 kategoride bilişsel ifade (tanımlama, anlama, yorumlama) belirlenmiştir. Katılımcıların şizofreniye yönelik tutumlarının yoğunlaştığı kategorilerin şizofreninin özellikleri, şizofrenili hastanın algıları, şizofrenili hastaya bakış açısı kategorileri olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Öğrencilerin şizofreninin özelliklerine yönelik düşünceleri kategorisinin, daha çok halüsinasyon, sanrı ve saldırganlık, şizofrenili hastanın algıları kategorisinin yalnızlık, mutsuzluk ve şizofreniye bakış açısı kategorisinin stigma ve toplumdan soyutlama (şizofreni hastasının kendisini) alt kategorilerinde yoğunlaştığı tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç: Araştırma sonucuna göre, tüm kategorilerde katılımcıların şizofreni kavramıyla ilgili farklı tutumlara (duygu, düşünce ve inanç) sahip oldukları görülmüştür. Öğrencilerin şizofreni hastalığını tanıdıkları ancak özellik ve tedavisine ilişkin yanlış bilgilere sahip oldukları belirlendi. Öğrencilerin büyük bir kısmının şizofreni hastalarına ilişkin damgalayıcı tutum sergiledikleri, şizofreni hastalarını saldırgan buldukları ve şizofreni tanılı bireylerin topluma kazandırılması konusunda önemli oranda olumsuz düşünce, inanç ve duyguya sahip oldukları sonucuna varıldı.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Şizofreni algısı; çizim-yazım tekniği; hemşirelik
ABSTRACT
 Objective: Stigmatizing attitudes of healthcare professionals towards schizophrenia can influence patients' lives negatively. The attitudes of nursing students, future healthcare professionals, on schizophrenia are very important. This study aimed to explore the attitudes (thoughts, feelings, and beliefs) of senior nursing students taking a psychiatric nursing course towards schizophrenia. Material and Methods: Case study design was used within the scope of the qualitative research model. 67 senior nursing students taking psychiatric nursing course participated in the study. To collect the data, the drawing-writing-technique was employed. Content analysis was used to analyze the data, and the data were interpreted according to categories. Results: The categories in which the attitudes of the participants towards schizophrenia were expressed intensely were found as the characteristics of schizophrenia, the perceptions of schizophrenia patients, and the perspective towards schizophrenia patients. The subcategories were determined as hallucination, delusion, and aggression in the characteristics of schizophrenia, loneliness, unhappiness in the category of the perceptions of schizophrenia patients, and stigma, and social isolation (schizophrenia patient himself/herself) in the category of the perspective towards schizophrenia patients. Conclusion: The study demonstrated that the participants had different attitudes (emotion, thought, and belief) about the concept of schizophrenia in all categories. They knew about schizophrenia but had the wrong information about its features and treatment. It was concluded that the majority of students had stigmatizing attitudes towards schizophrenia patients, found schizophrenic patients aggressive, and had considerable negative thoughts, beliefs, and emotions in reintroducing schizophrenia individuals to society

Keywords: Schizophrenia perception, drawing- writing technique; nursing
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