Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Health Sciences

.: REVIEW
Problem Çözme ve Karar Vermenin Nörobilişsel Süreci: Geleneksel Bir Derleme
Neurocognitive Process of Problem Solving and Decision Making: A Traditional Review
Erhan SEÇERa, Derya ÖZER KAYAb
aManisa Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Fizyoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Bölümü, Manisa, Türkiye
bİzmir Kâtip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Fizyoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Bölümü, İzmir, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Health Sci. 2022;7(2):588-96
doi: 10.5336/healthsci.2021-83167
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Günümüzde, hayatın her aşamasında öğrenme süreci kapsamında; eleştirel düşünme, problem çözme ve karar verme gibi kavramların popülerlik kazandığı görülmektedir. Karar verme, hedeflere ulaşmak için en iyi alternatifi seçmedir. Karar verme süreci ise problemin tanımlanması ile başlayıp problemin çözümüne yönelik seçeneklerin değerlendirilmesi ve eylem için izlenecek yolu ifade eden dinamik bir süreçtir. Bunun yanı sıra bu süreçlerde nasıl bir yol izlediğimiz ve nasıl karar verdiğimiz merak uyandıran bir konudur. Bu durum, nörobilişsel açıdan beyin yapıları arasındaki nöral ağlar ile açıklanmaktadır. Yapılan araştırmalar, problem çözme ve karar verme süreçlerinde; hipokampus, prefrontal korteks, amigdala gibi beyin yapılarının ve serotonin, dopamin gibi nörotransmitterlerin etkili rol oynadığını göstermektedir. Özellikle mediyal prefrontal korteks hata, risk, öğrenme gibi birçok konu ile ilgili karar verme sürecinde etkili bir rol oynamaktadır. Ayrıca prefrontal korteks ile amigdala ve hipokampus gibi birçok beyin yapıları arasında henüz açıklanamayan nöral ağların bulunduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu derlemenin amacı; eleştirel düşünme, problem çözme, karar verme, biliş ve üstbiliş kavramlarını detayları ile tanımlamak, öğrenme ve karar vermede dopamin ve seratonin ilişkisine ait literatürü taramak, karar verme sürecinde amigdala, prefrontal korteks ve hipokampusun etkileşimlerini ortaya koymaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Eleştirel düşünme; problem çözme; karar verme; nörobiliş
ABSTRACT
 Nowadays, within the scope of the learning process at every stage of life, concepts such as critical thinking, problem-solving, and decision-making seem to gain popularity. Decision-making is choosing the best alternative to achieve goals. The decision-making process is a dynamic process that starts with the definition of the problem, evaluates the options for the solution of the problem, and expresses the path to be followed for action. In addition, the path we follow and how we make decisions in these processes is an intriguing subject. The neural networks between the brain structures in neuroanatomical terms explain this situation. In the researches, problem-solving and decision-making processes; shows that brain structures such as the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine play an effective role. In particular, the medial prefrontal cortex plays an effective role in the decision-making process regarding many issues such as error, risk, and learning. Also, it is thought that there are unexplained neural networks between the prefrontal cortex and many brain structures such as the amygdala and hippocampus. The purpose of this review was to describe the concepts of critical thinking, problem-solving, decisionmaking, cognition, and metacognition in detail, to review the literature on the relationship between dopamine and serotonin in learning and decision-making, and to reveal the roles of the amygdala, prefrontal cortex and hippocampus interactions in the decision-making process.

Keywords: Critical thinking; problem solving; making decision; neurocognition
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4.9. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use the information provided to them by the "USERS" through the "SITE" in line with the terms of the "PRIVACY POLICY" and "USER CONTRACT". It may process the information or classify and save them on a database. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may also use the USER's or visitor's identity, address, e-mail address, phone number, IP number, which sections of the "SITE" they visited, domain type, browser type, date and time information to provide statistical evaluation and customized services.

5. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

5.1. The information accessed through this "SITE" or provided by the users legally and all the elements (including but not limited to design, text, image, html code and other codes) of the "SITE" (all of them will be called as studies tied to "Turkiye Klinikleri"s copyrights) belongs to "Turkiye Klinikleri". Users do not have the right to resell, process, share, distribute, display or give someone permission to access or to use the "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information and the products under copyright protection by "Turkiye Klinikleri". Within hereby "Terms of Use" unless explicitly permitted by "Turkiye Klinikleri" nobody can reproduce, process, distribute or produce or prepare any study from those under "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyright protection.

5.2. Within hereby "Terms of Use", "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the rights for "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information, the products associated with "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyrights, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trademarks, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trade looks or its all rights for other entity and information it has through this website unless it is explicitly authorized by "Turkiye Klinikleri".

6. CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF USE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com