Turkiye Klinikleri Archives of Lung

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Primer Akciğer Kanseri Tanısında Fiberoptik Bronkoskopinin Rolü
Role of Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy in the Diagnosis of Primary Lung Cancers
Gürsel ÇOK, Ayşegül BAYSAK ALPAYDIN, Zeynep AYTEMUR SOLAK, Tuncay GÖKSEL
Ege Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Göğüs Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalı, İzmir, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri Arch Lung. 2006;7(3):87-92
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
Fiberoptik bronkoskopi (FOB) akciğer kanseri tanısında oldukça sık kullanılan güvenilir bir tanı yöntemidir. Amaç: FOB eşliğinde uygulanan mukoza biyopsisi, bronşiyal fırçalama ve aspirasyon, transbronşiyal ince iğne aspirasyon (TBİİA), trans-bronşiyal akciğer biyopsisi (TBAB), bronkoalveoler lavaj (BAL) ve postbronkoskopik balgam sitolojisi yöntemlerinin tümörün lokalizasyonu, çapı, histolojisi ve bronkoskopik görünümüne göre tanısal değerlerini araştırmak amacıyla retrospektif bir çalışma planlanmıştır. Metod: Nisan 1997-Nisan 2003 arasında toraks malignitesi tanısı alan ve tanısal amaçla FOB uygulanan 1363 hasta içerisinden primer akciğer tümörü tanısı alan 1297 hasta değerlendirmeye alınmıştır. Olgular tümörün lokalizasyonuna (santral, periferik), histolojisine, çapına (3 cmden küçük veya büyük) ve endoskopik görünümüne göre gruplandırılarak karşılaştırılmıştır. Bulgular: FOB ile kesin tanı oranı % 89.7 bulunmuştur. Mukoza biyopsisinin % 71.1 ile en yüksek tanı oranına sahip olduğu, bunu TBAB (%51.2), fırçalama (% 50.8), aspirasyon (% 43.9), TBİİA (%43.4), BAL (%34.7) ve postbronkoskopik balgam sıtobjisının (%33) izlediği görülmüştür. Mukoza biyopsisi, fırçalama ve aspirasyonun santral tümörlerde ve endobronşiyal tümör varlığında tanı oranlarının daha yüksek olduğu, 3 cmden büyük tümörlerde sadece aspirasyon ile tanı oranının anlamlı olarak arttığı, diğer yöntemlerin tümör çapına göre tanı oranlarının değişmediği saptanmıştır. Küçük hücreli akciğer kanserinde mukoza biyopsisi, fırçalama ve aspirasyon ile kesin tanı oranının küçük hücreli dışı akciğer kanserine göre daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Hastaların 11 inde kesin tanının sadece postbronkoskopik balgam sitolojisi ile konulduğu ve bunlardan 10unda endobronşiyal lezyon görülmediği saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Bronş karsinomu ön tanısıyla FOB yapılan hastalarda uygulanacak tanısal girişimlerin tümör çapına göre değil, endobronşiyal lezyon varlığı veya lokalizasyonuna göre belirlenmesinin uygun olacağı ve postbronkoskopik balgam sitolojisinin endobronşiyal lezyonu olmayan hastalarda tanıya katkıda bulunabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Fiberoptik bronkoskopi, akciğer kanseri
ABSTRACT
Fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) is a commonly used and reliable method in the diagnosis of lung cancer. Objective: A retrospective study was designed in order to analyze the diagnostic values of all the mucosal biopsy, bronchial brushing and aspiration, transbronchial fine needle aspiration (TBFNA), transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB), bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and postbron-choscopic sputum cytology methods according to localization, diameter, histology, and bronchoscopic appearance of the tumor. Methods: A total of 1297 patients having primary lung tumor were selected from a population of 1363 patients who were diagnosed as having a thoracic malignancy, and underwent FOB for diagnostic purposes. The cases were assessed by group comparisons according to tumor localization (central, peripheral), diameter (greater or lesser than 3 cm), histology, and bronchoscopic appearance. Findings: Definite diagnosis rate by FOB was found as 89.7%. Mucosal biopsy was determined as representing the highest diagnosis rate (71.1%) followed by TBLB (51.2%), brushing examination (50.8%), aspiration biopsy (43.9%), TBFNA (43.4%), BAL (34.7%), and post-bronchoscopic sputum cytology (33%). Mucosal, brushing, and aspiration biopsies showed higher diagnostic rates in case of a central tumor, or endobronchial tumor. It was detected that a significant increase in rate of diagnosis for tumors greater than 3 cm was only available by aspiration, with no change by other methods in diagnosis rates by varying tumor diameters. It was also detected that rate of definite diagnoses by mucosal biopsy, brushing, and aspiration were higher in cases with small cell lung cancer compared with that achieved in non-small cell lung cancer cases. Moreover, it was observed that the definite diagnoses in 11 patients were established merely by using post bronchoscopic sputum cytology, and no endobronchial lesion was present in 10 of these. Conclusion: We conclude that when selecting diagnostic interventions to be undertaken in patients who were previously examined by FOB with an initial diagnosis of bronchial carcinoma, the selection should be based on the presence or localization of endobronchial lesion, and that postbronchoscopic sputum cytology may contribute to the diagnosis in patients without any endobronchial lesion.

Keywords: Fiberoptic bronchoscopy, lung cancer

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